The Appendicular Skeleton

NAME R E V I E W LAB TIME/DATE _10/13/21______ S H E E T EXERCISE 10 The Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb 1. Fill in the blank to complete the statements below: a. The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the b. The upper limb is formed by the arm bone, the The __scapula________ . _humerus____ and the two bones of the forearm, the . ulna and c. clavicula_____ and carpal are the wrist bones. List the proximal row of wrist bones from lateral to medial: schaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform List the distal row of wrist bones from lateral to medial: _hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium_________________ d. The _metacarpals_____________ e. A single finger bone is called a form the palm of the hand, and the heads of these bones form the knuckles. _phalanx__________ Each hand has __14_____ finger bones, called ____phalanges________ . 2. Match the bone markings in column B with the descriptions in column A. f. glenoid cavity Column A 1. depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus Column B a. acromion. k. ulnar notch 2. surface on the radius that receives the head of the ulna b. capitulum. b. capitulum 3. lateral rounded knob on the distal humerus c. coracoid process h. olecranon fossa 4. posterior depression on the distal humerus d. coronoid fossa. e. deltoid tuberosity 5. a roughened area on the lateral humerus: deltoid attachment site e. deltoid tuberosity. c. coracoid process 6. hook like process; biceps brachii attachment site f. glenoid cavity. . coronoid fossa 7. surface on the ulna that receives the head of the radius g. medial epicondyle. i. radial notch 8. medial condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna h. olecranon fossa. a. acromion 9. lateral end of the spine of the scapula; clavicle articulation site i. radial notch. g. medial epicondyle 10. small bump on the humerus, often called the Òfunny boneÓ d. coronoid fossa 11. anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, that receives part of the ulna when bending at the elbow j. trochlea k. ulnar notch. 3. Using items from the list a supraspinous fossa he anatomical landmarks and regions of the scapula. coracoid acromion superior angle glenoid infraspinous medial border lateral border Inferior angle 4. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the humerus. d. h f e k c j i l 66 Key: a. capitulum b. coronoid fossa c. deltoid tuberosity d. greater tubercle e. head f. intertubercular sulcus g. lateral epicondyle h. lesser tubercle i. medial epicondyle j. radial fossa k. surgical neck l. trochlea b g 5. Key: a. acromion b. coracoid process c. glenoid cavity d. inferior angle e. infraspinous fossa f. lateral border g. medial border h. spine i. superior angle j. superior border k. supraspinous fossa a Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photographs of the posterior view of the radius on the Review Sheet 10 left and the lateral view of the ulna on the right. e b d h i Key: a a. coronoid process b. head of the radius c. head of the ulna f d. neck of the radius e. olecranon f. radial notch of the ulna g. radial styloid process h. radial tuberosity i. trochlear notch j. ulnar notch of the radius k. ulnar styloid process g c j 6. k Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the anterior view of the hand. d a Key: i g a. capitate l b. distal phalanx k j c. hamate c e d. lunate e. metacarpal f. middle phalanx g. pisiform h. proximal phalanx h i. scaphoid j. trapezium f k. trapezoid l. triquetrum b Review Sheet 10 67 7. Name the two bone markings that form the proximal radioulnar joint. .radial notch and head of radius 8. Name the two bone markings that form the distal radioulnar joint. .head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 9. Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles by choosing appropriate descriptive terms from the key. Key: a.flexibility most important d. insecure axial and limb attachments b.massive e. secure axial and limb attachments c. lightweight f. weight-bearing most important Pectoral: a , c ,d. Pelvic: b , e , f ¥ 10. Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis True pelvis bounded in front and below by the pubic symphysis and the superior rami of the pubis; above and behind, by the sacrum and coccyx; and laterally, by a broad, smooth, quadrangular area of bone, corresponding to the inner surfaces of the body and superior ramus of the ischium, and the part of the ilium below the arcuate line. False pelvis bounded on either side by the ilium; in front it is incomplete, presenting a wide interval between the anterior borders of the ilia; behind is a deep notch on either side between the ilium and the base of the sacrum. 11. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the lateral view of the hip bone. Key: 68 Review Sheet 10 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. e m c l b d a acetabulum anterior inferior iliac spine anterior superior iliac spine greater sciatic notch iliac crest inferior pubic ramus ischial ramus ischial spine ischial tuberosity lesser sciatic notch obturator foramen posterior inferior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine superior pubic ramus h j i g f k Review Sheet 10 69 12. Match the bone names and markings in column B with the descriptions in column A. The items in column B may be used more than once. Column A ilium, ischium and pubis 1. fuse to form the hip bone Column B a. ischial tuberosity 2. rough projection that supports body weight when sitting b. pubic symphysis 3. point where the hip bones join anteriorly c. iliac crest 4. superiormost margin of the hip bone d. acetabulum 5. deep socket in the hip bone that receives the head e. sacroiliac joint 6. joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle f. femur 7. longest, strongest bone in body g. 8. thin, lateral leg bone h. fibula greater sciatic notch lesser sciatic notch tibial tuberosity 9. permits passage of the sciatic nerve 10. notch located inferior to the ischial spine l. lateral malleolus 11. point where the patellar ligament attaches m. lesser sciatic notch patella 12. kneecap n. _ tibia _ 13. shinbone o. metatarsals _ medial malleolus __ 14. medial ankle projection p. _ lateral malleolus __ 15. lateral ankle projection q. 16. largest tarsal bone r. calcaneus tarsals 17. ankle bones _ metatarsals __ 18. bones forming the instep of the foot ______obturatior foramen 19. opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami t. u. gluteal tuberosity and greater and lesser trochanters 70 20. sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur talus 21. tarsal bone that ÒsitsÓ on the calcaneus v. __tibia________________ 22. weight-bearing bone of the leg w. ____talus_____ 23. tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia x. Review Sheet 10 13. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the anterior view of the femur. Key: b.fovea capitis c. greater d.head h.lesser trochanter a. adductor tubercle b. fovea capitis c. greater trochanter d. head e.intertrochanteri c line e. intertrochanteric line g. lateral epicondyle h. lesser trochanter i. medial condyle j. medial epicondyle k. neck l. patellar surface a. adductor g. lateral epicondyle j. medial epicondyle f. lateral condyle l. i. medial condyle patellar surface 14. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the anterior view of the tibia. b. lateral condyle c. medial condyle Key: a. anterior border e. tibial b. lateral condyle c. medial condyle d. medial malleolus a. anterior e. tibial tuberosity border d. medial malleolus 15. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the posterior view of the articulated tibia and fibula. Review Sheet 10 71 a. articular surface of the lateral condyle d. intercondylar eminence i. superior b. head of the fibula a. articular surface of the lateral condyle tibiofibular b. head of the fibula c. inferior tibiofibular joint d. intercondylar eminence g. shaft of the fibula e. lateral malleolus h. shaft of the f. medial malleolus g. shaft of the fibula h. shaft of the tibia c. inferior tibiofibular joint i. superior tibiofibular joint f. medial e. lateral malleolus malleolus 16. Are the bones of the leg shown above from the left or from the right leg? right Explain how you can tell which side of the body they are from. Fibula is lateral bone in posterior/anterior view 72 Review Sheet 10 17. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the photograph of the superior view of the articulated foot. c.distal phalanx h. j. f. medial cuneiform Key: a. calcaneus b. cuboid c. distal phalanx d. intermediate cuneiform e. lateral cuneiform f. medial cuneiform g. metatarsal h. middle phalanx i. navicular j. proximal phalanx k. talus d. intermediate cuneiform f. medial b. cuboid i. navicular g. metatarsal k. talus a. calcaneus 18. FOOSH is an acronym that stands for Fall on Outstretched Hand. Discuss possible fractures and dislocations that might occur with an injury of this type. _distal rdius frcture, schaphoid fracture, radial and ulnal styloid frcture, radial head fracture, hook of hamate fracture, schapholunate tear __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Describe some of the features of the female pelvis that provide for compatibility with vaginal birth. ___round pelvic brim, shllow pelvic cavity, short ischial spines_____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Your X-ray exam reveals that you have fractured your fibula. Your physician remarks, ÒWell, itÕs better than breaking your tibia.Ó Explain why a fracture of the tibia would be worse than a fracture of the fibula. ___because mainly tibia supports the weight________________ Review Sheet 10 73