Gland (source of hormone) Anterior pituitary Hormone Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone Prolactin Regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production in females, may increase secretion of testosterone in males Controls development of both oocyte and ovarian follicle within ovaries, controls development Luteinizing hormone Induces ovulation of secondary oocyte from ovarian follicle, controls testosterone synthesis w/in testes Adrenocorticotropic hormone Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids Growth hormone Release of insulin-like growth factors from liver, they function synergistically to induce growth Stimulates both kidneys to decrease urine output and thirst center to increase fluid intake when the body is dehydrated, in high doses ADH is a vasoconstrictor Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin Pineal gland Action produced Thyroid-stimulating hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Posterior pituitary Target cell/organ Melatonin Contraction of smooth muscle of uterus, ejection of milk, increases feeling of emotional bonding between individuals Helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythms, functions in sexual maturation ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND HORMONES Gland (source of hormone) Hormone Thyroid gland Calcitonin Thyroid hormone Parathyroid gland Pancreas Adrenal cortex Parathyroid hormone Insulin Glucagon Aldosterone Cortisol Adrenal medulla Epinephrine Target cell/organ Action produced Decreases blood calcium levels, most significant in children Increase metabolic rate of all cells, increase heat production Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating both the release of calcium from bone tissue and decrease loss of calcium in urine, causes formation of calcitriol (increases calcium from small intestine) Decreases blood glucose levels Increases blood glucose levels Regulates blood Na+ and K+ levels by decreasing the Na+ and increasing K+ excreted in urine Participates in the stress response, increase nutrients that are available in the blood Prolong effects of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system