University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

494

Pages:

4
Author:

Prince Sampson

Tissue Nematodes Tissue nematodes include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dracunculus Medinensis Onchocerca Volvulus Wuchereria Bancrofti Toxocara Canis Loa Loa Dra Dracun cun cunculus culus Med Medinen inen inensis: sis: This can cause painful ulcers in the lower extremity. Transmission: 1. Ingestion of water contaminated with copepods containing larvae of the worm a. Copepods are intermediate hosts Diagnosis: 1. Worms emerge from painful ulcers 2. Eosinophilia Treatment: 1. Extract worm by rolling onto a stick slowly 2. Metronidazole Onc Onch hocerca Vol Volvulus vulus vulus:: It causes Onchodermatitis, which is characterized by: 1. Hyperpigmented spots a. Preceded by scattered pruritic papules 2. Hypopigmented spots a. Occur on shins of older patients 3. Blindness a. Also called “River Blindness” b. Microfilariae can float into eyeball c. #2 most common cause of blindness Transmission: It is transmitted by female Blackfly which is often found around rivers of: 1. Africa 2. Central America 3. South America Lab Diagnosis: 1. Eosinophilia 2. Microscopy a. Microfilariae seen in skin biopsy Treatment: Ivermectin Life Cycle: (1) Blackfly bites and deposits larvae in subcutaneous tissue (5) Microfilariae transform into larvae (2) Larvae mature into adults and produce microfilariae (4) Blackfly bites and takes up the microfilariae (3) Microfilariae migrate throughout the body Wuc uch ch cher ere erreri reria ia Ban an anc nc ncrof oft fti ti: It causes Elephantiasis which is characterized by: 1. Long standing lymphedema of lower extremity 2. Parasite goes into lymphatic system and causes its inflammation and disruption a. Leads to lymphadenopathy 3. Cough a. Due to microfilariae in lungs, leading to a hypersensitivity reaction Transmission: Mosquitoes Diagnosis: 1. Thick blood smear a. Organisms are seen in it 2. Eosinophilia Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine Life Cycle: (1) Mosquito bites and deposits larvae which penetrate the skin (5) Micrifilariae transform into larvae (2) Larvae mature into adults in the lymphatics (4) Mosquito bites (3) Adults produce microfilariae which migrate to lymph and blood channels To Tox oxoc oca occa car ar ara ra Ca Can an anis is: s: It causes: 1. Visceral Larva Migrans 2. Occular Larva Migrans a. If larva gets to eyes b. Leads to blindness Transmission: 1. Ingestion of food contaminated with dogs or cat feces 2. Larvae enter human body but do not mature a. Hence, they continue to circulate in the body Lab Diagnosis: Eosinophilia Treatment: Albendazole Lo Loaa Loa: 1. Also called African Eye Worm a. Adult worm can migrate to eye and can be seen crawling beneath conjunctiva, causing: i. Transient Inflammation ii. Transient Edema 2. It can also cause Transient angioedema: a. Localized subcutaneous swellings produced are called Calabar swellings Diagnosis: 1. Blood smear a. Microfilariae are seen in it 2. Eosinophilia Treatment: 1. Diethylcarbamazine 2. Albendazole