University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

460

Pages:

3
Author:

rezancuk2j

Trematodes 1. 2. 3. 4. These are generally called flukes Their intermediate host is snail All of these trematodes can be killed by Praziquantal drug These include the following: a. Schistosoma mansoni b. Schistosoma japonicum c. Schistosoma hematobium d. Clonorchis sinensis e. Paragonimus westermani Shi Shistoso stoso stosoma: ma: Transmission: 1. Snails are intermediate host a. Free-living cercariae are released into water which penetrate the skin into the bloodstream 2. Swimmers are at risk of infestation 3. When the cercariae mature, they migrate to other parts of body. Where they migrate to depends on the specific species of shistosoma a. All three migrate against portal flow to reach their destination b. S. mansoni and S. japonicum migrate to mesenteric veins c. S. hematobium migrates to veins of bladder Diseases: All three cause swimmer’s itch. Specific diseases are listed below: Diseases caused by S. mansoni & S. japonicum: 1. Portal hypertension a. Leads to: i. GI hemorrhage ii. Abdominal pain iii. Cirrhosis iv. Liver Failure v. Jaundice Diseases caused by S. hematobium: 1. Hematuria 2. Increased risk of bladder cancer Lab Diagnosis: Stool O&P shows different spines: 1. Large lateral spine a. Seen in S. mansoni 2. Small spine a. Seen in S. japonicum 3. Large terminal spine a. Seen in S. hematobium Treatment: Praziquantal for all three. (4) Snails are exposed and become intermediate hosts (1) Cercariae are released by snails into water which penetrate into human skin (3) Lay eggs which are passed out of humans into freshwater (2) Go to circulation and migrate to liver to mature into adults Clon Clonorc orc orchis his si sinens nens nensis is is:: It is also called Chinese Liver Fluke Transmission: 1. Snails are intermediate hosts 2. Transmitted by snails to fishes which are eaten undercooked or uncooked by humans Diseases: 1. Biliary tract fibrosis 2. Pigmented gallstones 3. Cholangiocarcinoma Lab Diagnosis: Operculated eggs on stool O&P Treatment: Praziquantal Pa Parago rago ragonim nim nimus us w weste este esterma rma rmani: ni: It is also called Lung fluke. It causes chronic cough with bloody sputum Transmission: 1. Snails are intermediate hosts 2. Eating raw or undercooked crab meat having encysted larvae Diagnosis: Operculated eggs on stool O&P Treatment: Praziquantal