University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

60

Pages:

2
Author:

Charlee Buchanan

Hepatitis B Virus Features: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hepadnavirus family DNA virus Enveloped virus It replicates both inside and outside the nucleus Genome is circular and partially double stranded a. It becomes fully double stranded during replication 6. Has reverse transcriptase but it is not a retrovirus because it doesn’t integrate into host chromosome Transmission: 1. 2. 3. 4. Sex Blood Needles Vertical transmission a. Transmitted during delivery Diseases: 1. Hepatitis, which can be divided as: a. Acute i. Right upper quadrant pain ii. Jaundice b. Chronic i. Less likely than Hepatitis C ii. The percentage of occurrence is as follows: 1. Adults: 5-10% 2. Newborns: 90-95% iii. Long term sequelae of chronic hepatitis B is: 1. Cirrhosis 2. Hepatocellular carcinoma 2. Prodermal serum sickness-type illness which is characterized by: a. Rash i. Purpuric rash b. Arthralgia c. Glomerulonephritis i. Membranous glomerulonephritis ii. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis d. Polyarthritis Nodosa i. It is a systemic vasculitis 1. Hepatitis D cannot cause any disease without hepatitis B because it required HbsAg to be infectious 2. A few characteristics of Hepatitis D are: a. Circular genome b. RNA virus c. Enveloped virus ii. Affects medium to small arteries iii. Small aneurysms formed have “beads on a string” appearance iv. Causes nephritis One should be able to differentiate between an alcoholic hepatitis and viral hepatitis: Alcoholic Hepatitis AST>ALT Viral Hepatitis ALT*>AST *ALT is normal early in neonatal hepatitis Lab Diagnosis: 1. HbSAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) a. First marker of infection 2. HbeAg a. Person is highly infectious if this is high 3. Anti-HBc (Hepatitis B core antibody) a. First detectable antibody b. Positive during window period 4. Anti-HBe a. Antibody to HbeAg 5. Anti-HBs a. Indicates recovery b. Seen in vaccinated people 1. Immunized people are negative for: a. Anti-HBc b. Anti-HBe 2. Recovered people will be positive for Anti-HBc Treatment of Hepatitis B: 1. Acute cases clear by themselves 2. Pregnant women and people with chronic hepatitis B should be treated with following: a. Lamivudine b. NRTIs c. IFN-alpha (only for people with chronic Hepatitis B infection, not to be used for pregnant women) 3. Newborn to Hepatitis B positive mother should be given: a. Active immunity (Hepatitis B vaccination) b. Passive immunity (immunoglobulins)