University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

40

Pages:

3
Author:

Alma Stephenson

Flavivirus Features: 1. Enveloped virus 2. Has a single segment of RNA (i.e. it is a non-segmented virus) Viruses: Other important viruses belonging to flavivirus are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Dengue Fever Yellow Fever West Nile Virus Hepatitis C Den Dengue gue Fev Fever: er: 1. Another name is break bone virus a. Because it affects bone marrow 2. Vector: Aedes egyptei 3. Has 4 types a. Type 2 is most important clinically 4. Since it affects bone marrow, it can cause: a. Thrombocytopenia b. Hemorrhagic fever 5. Severe cases lead to renal failure Treatment: 1. Supportive treatment 2. Patient should be kept well-hydrated Yel Yellow low FFever ever ever:: 1. Vector: Aedes egyptei 2. It causes: a. Jaundice b. Bloody diarrhea and vomiting c. Backache Treatment: Live attenuated vaccine is available. Wes est st Ni Nile le Vi Vir iru rus us us: 1. Reservoir: birds 2. Vector: Culex mosquito 3. It causes: a. Encephalitis b. Meningitis c. Flaccid paralysis d. Seizures e. Coma 4. Lab diagnosis: a. PCR b. Serology Treatment: Supportive treatment He Hep epat atit atiti tis C: 1. Antigen variability of envelope proteins a. Virion encoded RNA polymerase lacks 3’-5’ exonuclease activity b. Hence, RNA is prone to frequent mutations Transmission: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Blood transfusion Needle sharing Placenta Sex (Hepatitis B is more likely to be transmitted this way) Breastfeeding Diseases: It is divided into acute and chronic inflammation of liver. 1. Acute inflammation of liver a. Jaundice b. Right upper quadrant pain or discomfort c. Hepatomegaly d. Increased liver enzymes 2. Chronic inflammation of liver a. Contrast to Hepatitis B in which most cases resolve in acute stage, 60-80% of Hepatitis C patients go on to get chronic inflammation of liver b. Lymphocytes infiltrate portal tract c. This stage leads to: i. Cirrhosis of liver ii. Hepatocellular carcinoma Lab Diagnosis: A few features are similar in both, acute and chronic inflammations of liver, such as: 1. Anti HCV antibodies are present 2. Cryoglobulins (IgM) in serum a. Precipitate in cooler temperature Specific lab finding of acute inflammation are: 1. Hepatitis C RNA in serum in first 6 months of infection 2. ALT will rise and fall by 6 months Specific lab findings of chronic inflammation are: 1. Hepatitis C RNA persists in serum after 6 months of infection 2. Liver biopsy shows lymphocytes in portal tract Treatment: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ribavirin IFN-Alpha Protease inhibitors Sofosbuvir (polymerase inhibitor)