University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

288

Pages:

2
Author:

rezancuk2j

Papillomavirus Features: 1. Naked virus 2. Most common STD 3. It has following important strains, such as: a. HPV 1-4 b. HPV 6,11 c. HPV 16,18 HP HPV 11-4 -4: It causes: 1. Veruca vulgaris a. In simpler words, it is cutaneous common warts b. It occurs on: i. Hands ii. Feet HP HPV 6, 11: 1: It causes: 1. Laryngeal Papillomatosis a. The other name is Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis which is characterized by: i. Tumors or papillomas which develop in airways ii. Particularly seen in children iii. Child acquires HPV 6 or 11 during vaginal birth 2. Anogenital Warts Condyloma lata a. Condyloma acuiminata is seen in b. Seen in sexually active individuals syphilis. HP HPV 16 16, 6, 18 18: It causes: 1. Anogenital squamous cell carcinoma: a. This includes: i. Cervical carcinoma ii. Vulvar carcinoma iii. Vaginal carcinoma iv. Penial carcinoma v. Anal carcinoma b. It is also caused by HPV 31 and 33 (tip: just add 15 to 16 and 18 and you get 31 and 33 ;) Prevention: 1. Condoms 2. Abstinence 3. HPV vaccine a. Available for following variants: i. HPV 6 ii. HPV 11 iii. HPV 16 iv. HPV 18 b. It doesn’t cover following: i. HPV 1-4 ii. HPV 31 iii. HPV 33 c. It is an inactivated subunit vaccine Pathogenesis: 1. Virus disrupts regulation of cell cycle 2. It encodes two proteins: a. E6 b. E7 3. These proteins promote proteolysis of following tumor suppressor genes: a. Rb (proteolysis by E7) b. P53 (proteolysis by E6) 4. This proteolysis of tumor suppressor genes leads to increased risk of cancer Lab Diagnosis:   If there is a history of post coital bleeding, think cervical cancer. Immunosuppressio n is a risk factor for HPV cervical cancer  HIV infection enhances HPV E6 and E7 expression 1. Pap smear a. Screening for cervical cancer b. Cervical cells are taken from transformation zone i. This is the zone where squamous epithelium from outer portion of cervix or ectocervix comes in contact with columnar epithelium in the inner portion of cervix or endocervix c. Cells are visualized under the microscope i. HPV infected cells have large, dense and wrinkled nucleus ii. The cells may even be binucleated iii. These cells are called KOILOCYTES