University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 273 | Clinical Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

86

Pages:

2
Author:

folclord7m

HIV Features: 1. Enveloped 2. Diploid RNA positive virus 3. Retrovirus Transmission: 1. Sexual contact 2. Vertical transmission 3. Blood Pathogenesis: 1. 3 important genes that are used by virus for replication are: a. gag gene makes p24 i. p24 is capsule for RNA strands ii. It is cone-shaped b. env gene makes: i. gp41 (transmembrane protein) ii. gp120 (outer glycoprotein) c. pol gene makes reverse transcriptase 2. HIV infects following cells: a. Macrophages (initially) b. CD4+ cells (later) 3. It gains entry into the cells via: a. CCR5 receptor (early stages) b. CXCR4 receptor (later stages) Diseases: 1. AIDS a. Progression of disease is divided into three phases: i. Primary Infection (or prodrome) ii. Latent Infection iii. Active AIDS b. Primary Infection: i. Flu or mono-like symptoms ii. Fever iii. Cervical lymphadenopathy iv. CD4+ cells are infected c. Latent infection i. Latent period is up to 10 years d. Active AIDS i. Steep decline in CD4+ cells (less than 200) 2. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Lab Diagnosis: It is divided into screening and confirmatory tests: 1. Screening test a. ELISA test i. It detects the antibodies ii. It may be false-negative if done too early b. Multiple screening tests should be done 2. Confirmatory test a. Western Blot If a patient is diagnosed with HIV, use PCR to find: 1. Viral load 2. CD4+ count In case of vertical transmission, an ELISA or Western Blot will come back positive. Testing of neonate is done with: 1. HIV RNA amplification test 2. HIV DNA amplification test Treatment: HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) 1. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors a. NRTIs b. NNRTIs 2. Protease inhibitors 3. Zidovudine a. Used in pregnant women to avoid vertical transmission 4. Maraviroc a. CCR5 inhibitors