Chapter 10 Aggression Questions and Answer Part 2

1. Physical or bodily can stimulate aggression through either exercise or sexual excitement, if we misinterpret it. Answer- arousal 2. The sexual revolution has caused an increase in the availability of violent and sexual material, which in return has increased the rates of coercion violence. Answer- sexual 3. Research shows that more exposure to sexual violence against women is related to ______ levels of acceptance for rape myths and for sexual violence in general. Answer- higher 4. What term is used to describe amplified passion after a fight? Answer- Sexual arousal 5. As studied by social scientists, exposure to violent increases punitive behavior toward women. Answer- pornography 6. When observing aggression, it typically goes in sequence: It starts with an aversive situation, which triggers aggression, provoking negative cognitions and feelings, and then ends with arousal. Answer- hostile 7. Pornography the acceptance of the rape myth. Answer- increases 8. All weapons serve as aggression cues, but while guns put a distance between the aggressor and victim, knives requires a great deal more ______ contact. Answer- Personal 9. Research indicates that there is a correlation between ______ and aggression toward women. Answer- pornography 10. True or false: Sexual coercion has increased the rates of criminal violence. Answer- True 11. Select all of the following that have been shown to be an outcome to pornography usage. Answer- Serial killers have considerable exposure to pornography. Rapist and child molesters use pornography much more than men who were not sexual offenders. Child sexual abusers have considerable exposure to pornography 12. When people are exposed to sexual violence, they are more likely to be accepting of later violence exposure. This is known as distorted ______ of sexual violence or sexual reality. Answer- perceptions 13. who watch television violence are more likely to engage in assault, robbery, and threats of injury. Answer- Children 14. After men watched erotic, or aggressive-erotic (rape) films, they were more likely to perform more ______ and ______ behaviors in follow-up experiments. Answer- angered; aggressive 15. True or false: Pornography increases the acceptance of rape and rape-like violence. Answer- True 16. If modeling and imitation through watching television is so prevalent with aggressive behaviors, the viewing of behaviors (behaviors that are positive and helpful) is likely to be beneficial in reversing the trend. Answer- prosocial 17. In several correlational studies, the evidence shows that pornography contributes to men's ______ toward women. Answer- aggression 18. Repeating an emotion-arousing stimulus such as aggression or violence over and over again can result in _______, or numb emotional response to the stimulus. Answer- desensitization 19. Many sexual abusers including serial killers and child sexual abusers have had exposure to . Answer- pornography 20. When we find ourselves in a new situation and are unsure what to do, we often use ______ to help us know how to act. Answer- social scripts 21. Select all of the following that correlates with children's viewing television violence and later adult behaviors. Answer- robbery assault 22. As studied by social scientists, exposure to violent increases punitive behavior toward women. Answer- pornography 23. Heavy TV watching of four or more hours a day creates perceptions of the world around us, including an exaggerated view of how frequently violence occurs in the world. Answer- altered 24. behavior is positive, constructive, helpful social behavior and might be seen as the opposite of antisocial or aggressive behavior. Answer- pro-social 25. Cognitive as related to aggressive ideas explains that when people view violence, they are more likely to use hostile explanations for others' behaviors. In other words, if violence is already "on your mind," you interpret ambiguous things more violently. Answer- priming 26. When someone watches or is exposed to aggression and violence over and over again, the individual becomes emotionally numb to the same acts. The term used to describe this response is . Answer- desensitization 27. Researcher Craig Anderson and his colleagues (2010) found which effect when individuals were randomly assigned to play a violent video game? Answer- Increased aggressive tendencies outside the game 28. scripts provide mental instructions for how to act in various situations. Answer- social 29. (Group/Individual) influences are more likely to amplify aggressive reactions of individuals by diffusing responsibility. Answer-group 30. _____ perceptions explains that both adolescents and adults who watch four hours a day or more of TV are more likely to exaggerate the amount of violence in the world around them and to fear being assaulted. Answer- altered 31. Michael was just reading a very violent book. Now, when he walks through his school, he interprets other students' shouts as violent instead of as simply excited. The fact that his mind now interprets ambiguous events as violence, because the concept of violence was there already, is called ______. Answer- cognitive priming 32. Some psychologists recommend encouraging children to release emotional tension through aggressive play. This is an example of . Answer- catharsis 33. Which of the following is NOT an effect of playing violent video games? Answer- improved concentration 34. When violent activities occur in a group, aggression can increase due to the lack of personal responsibility people may feel. Thus, aggression in groups could partially be explained by ______. Answer- diffusion of responsibility 35. Some people believe that aggression builds up and must occasionally be "released." This theory or idea is generally known as ______. Answer- catharsis