Edition, Volume 1. Answer the questions below as you read.

Read the following pages in The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Shorter Fourth Edition, Volume 1. Answer the questions below as you read. "Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Literature: Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Cultures" 5-13 [to ROME] "Homer" 122-31 The Odyssey Book I lines 1-102 The Odyssey Book V The Odyssey Book VI [Be sure to use the translation of The Odyssey by Robert Fitzgerald, not the translation by Emily Wilson found in The Norton Anthology.] In the essay "Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Literature: Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Cultures," what is the definition of a polis? How did the geography of Greece affect the relationship between the different poleis (plural of polis)? How did the poems of Homer figure in the education of children during the fifth century and beyond? In the essay on "Homer," during which century is Homer claimed to have existed? At the start of the section on The Iliad is the story of Paris. This is commonly called "the judgment of Paris." What sort of contest did Paris judge? Who were the contestants? What did Paris receive for his decision? What problem did this cause? What skills useful in peace were possessed by Odysseus? What is the definition of xenia? Book I lines 1-102 In the first sentence of The Odyssey, what is the storyteller asking for and from whom is he asking it? In the second paragraph of Book One, we are told that all of Odysseus’s companions will die. We might think this spoils the plot. Why should we continue to read or listen even though we know that all of his companions will die? Which god is against Odysseus and what does this god control? Zeus’s first words are about Aigisthos. What did Aigisthos do, and what was the result? According to Zeus, what doubles the suffering of mankind? Which god argues on behalf of Odysseus in Book One? According to Zeus, how smart is Odysseus? Reading Guide for The Odyssey Book V At the start of Book Five, why is Athena vexed? On what errand does Zeus send Hermes? What are Kalypso’s first words to Hermes, and what are his first words to her? What is the gist of Hermes’ message from Zeus to Kalypso? When we first see Odysseus, what is he doing? When Kalypso tells Odysseus he can go, what is his reaction? In lines 220-22, what do Kalypso’s questions reveal about her? What happens to Odysseus while on his raft? Who is the cause? What does Ino offer him, what is his initial reaction to her offer, and what does his reaction teach us about him? Between lines 450--60, Odysseus would have perished except for a certain gift? What is his gift, and from whom did he receive it? When Odysseus finally reaches land, he considers his options. What are his options, and why do you think he chooses the option he does? Reading Guide for The Odyssey Book VI As you read Books Six and Seven, think about xenia, the Greek religious duty of hospitality that governs how host and guest should act. Book Six Which god visits Nausikaa? What shape does the god take? What does she tell Nausikaa to do? When awakened by the girls, Odysseus wonders which of what two types of people they are? As he approaches Nausikaa, Odysseus is described using what simile? What is implied? Why does Nausikaa not run away with the other girls? In his speech to Nausikaa, what question does he ask her? To what does he compare her? What does he tell her about himself and his past status? What does he ask for? What blessing does he offer? After he has bathed and dressed, what does Nausikaa think of Odysseus, and what advice does she give him? In Book Six, do you think Alkinoos acts as a good host? Why or why not? In Book Six, do you think Odysseus acts as a good guest? Why or why not?