University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

238

Pages:

12
Author:

Cyncuncew7o63

the energy in GLUCOSE is transferred to ATP •Plants Plants make GLUCOSE during photosynthesis •Animals Animals eat to get GLUCOSE break down glucose during respiration to make ATP a recyclable energy source used by cells to do work 1st GLYCOLYSIS Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2nd AEROBIC RESPIRATION Mitochondria About 36 ATP 1 GLYCOLYSIS -Used by ALL cells (and only way for bacteria) -Glucose splits in half and forms 2 smaller pyruvate molecules -Cytoplasm of cell 2 ATP produced - 2 ATP Why 2 step? to slowly release energy without heating up the cell too much! 1. Glycolysis: Happens in the cell cytoplasm to break down glucose • All living things do glycolysis!!!!!! • Glyco (sugar) Lysis (break apart) • C6H12O6 broken into 2, 3 Carbon compounds(pyruvate) • C6H12O6 • 2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP Without oxygen, breaking glucose in cytoplasm of cell gives 2 ATP. 2. AEROBIC RESPIRATION - Needs oxygen - Used by aerobic cells after glycolysis [plants, animals, some fungi] 2 steps Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain breaks down the 2 pyruvate molecules from glycolysis to make many ATP In the mitochondria Produces 36 ATP Aerobic Respiration (with Oxygen) 1. Krebs Cycle: In the mitochondria, makes 2 ATP (not efficient) The 2, 3 Carbon compounds(pyruvate) mix with Oxygen to create 2 ATP and a LOT of ELECTRONS. e- 2. Electron Transport Chain In the mitochondria membranes, electrons go back and forth across the membranes and this creates 36 ATP!!!! And releases CO2 and H2O….ready to start all over again! C6H12O6 + 6 O2  + 6 H20 + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP Reactants = sugar, oxygen Products = ATP, water, carbon dioxide Aerobic Cellular Respiration Summary: • 1. Glucose is broken into pyruvate in the cell cytoplasm giving off +2 ATP glycolysis Organisms with no Oxygen can still generate energy this way. • 2. Pyruvate in the mitochondria undergo reactions with Oxygen and produce +2 ATP and lots of e- Kreb Cycle • 3. Electrons e- go back and forth between the mitochondria membrane generating +36 ATP + CO2 and H20 as products. • Electron Transport Chain Anaerobic Respiration (when there is no Oxygen!!!) • 1. Glycolysis still happens in all cells!!!….no O2 needed for this - Glucose splits in half and forms 2 smaller pyruvate molecules in the Cytoplasm of cell 2 ATP produced THEN • In animal cells The 2 Pyruvate molecules are broken down into Lactic acid molecules (PAIN!). This is known as Lactic Acid FERMENTATION • In YEAST cells the 2 Pyruvate molecules are broken down into ETHANOL and CO2. This is known as Alcohol FERMENTATION No additional ATP is GENERATED!!!