University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

455

Pages:

11
Author:

Wildmotivbu7o

WHS AP Psychology Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 4-2:Describe the sensory process of vision including the specific nature of energy transduction (rods and cones and the trichromatic theory of color vision), relevant anatomical structures (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve, blind spot and fovea) and specialized pathways in the brain (opponent process theory of color vision and the occipital lobe). Gestalt Principles Perceptual Constancies Basic Principles Visual Illusions Depth Perception Perception We are here Sensation Vision Theories The Eye Pain Other Senses Taste Hearing The Ear Smell Theories Stages/REM Meditation Circadian Rhythm Hidden Observer Disorders Sleep Hypnosis Dreams Altered States of Consciousnes s States of Consciousness Daydreaming and Fantasy Drug-Altered Consciousnes s Stimulants Waking Consciousness Substance Abuse Depressants Hallucinogens Actor Essential Task 4-2: Outline • Vision - relevant anatomical structures – Path light travels (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina) – optic nerve, blind spot and fovea – Transduction (rods and cones) • Color Vision – The trichromatic theory of color vision • Color Blindness – Opponent process theory of color vision • After-Image Effect “We do not know the sun or the earth. We can only know the sun that we see and the earth that we feel.” Explain this quote. Do you agree with this quote? Explain why or why not. What is vision? Do we really see each others? Vision • Vision begins with lightwave • gathering light; light is reflected off of objects and gathered by the eye • Eyes receive light energy and transduce it into neural messages that our brain processes into what we consciously see. Vision: Light wave Wave length – Distance from one wave peak to the next – Short wavelength = bluish color – Long wavelength = reddish color Intensity – the amount of energy in the waves by amplitude or height – Higher the amplitude the brighter the color – Lower amplitude dull colors Hue – the color we experience (blue, red, green) Eye Parts • Cornea – Transparent membrane covering the front of the eye; bends light rays • Pupil – small adjustable opening which light enters • Iris – colored muscle that helps open up or close the pupil (control the amount of light) • Lens – transparent structure behind the pupil; takes it to retina • Retina – light sensitive inner layer of cells in the back of the eye; easily damaged from excessive exposure to light • Fovea – central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster. • Cones – retinal receptors cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina that functions in day light; color • Rods – retinal receptors that detect black, white and grey • Optic nerve – the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain