University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

483

Pages:

8
Author:

nadelnnl7v

Pituitary gland Outline  The pituitary gland is the “master gland” of the endocrine system.  It is controlled through the nervous system by the nearby brain area-the hypothalamus. Pituitary gland  The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate other glands such as the thyroid. 31 Pituitary Gland Outline • Influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, sexual behavior and interest, body growth etc. • It also produces growth hormone (especially during sleep) and oxytocin, the “bonding” hormone. Pineal gland Outline • Secretes melatonin which regulates the sleep-wake cycle • Disturbances in melatonin are responsible for “jet lag” Thyroid gland Outline • Secretes hormones (primarily thyroxin) that control metabolism – How alert and energetic and how fat and thin you are – Overactive Thyroid can mean insomnia, reduced attention span, agitation – Too little thyroxin can mean feeling constantly tired Adrenal Glands produce hormones such as adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine, and cortisol. Outline Adrenal Glands Pancreas The sympathetic nervous system responds to “fight or flight” situations. • responds to stress by sending a message to adrenal glands to release the hormones listed above. • Effect: increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar. These provide ENERGY for the fight or flight!35 The parasympathet ic nervous system Outline Adrenal Glands • Effect: slows down heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar • These provide ENERGY for the fight or flight! Pancreas 36 Pancreas Outline – Regulates bloodsugar levels – Secretes insulin and glucagon – Husbands and wives reported being most unhappy with their spouses when their blood-sugar levels were lowest, usually at night, according to research released today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Missing a meal, dieting or just being hungry may be the reason, researchers said. Gonads Outline • Glands that produce sex hormones • Ovaries and testes secrete estrogens and androgens (testosterone) • We know they play a role in development, aggression and sexual drive but we don’t have the whole story. • Play a role in brain growth during prenatal development