University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

297

Pages:

14
Author:

Campbell Wagner

Lecture Overview .1Anatomy of the heart. .2Function of the heart. .3Blood flow through the heart. .4Anatomy of peripheral circulation (systemic and pulmonary) .5Function of peripheral circulation. The Human Heart – Overview The adult heart is shaped like a blunt cone and is approximately the size of a closed fist ◼Larger in Males than Females, larger in physically active adults than other healthy adults. ◼ Generally decreases in size after approximately age 65. ◼The blunt, rounded point of the heart is the apex; the larger, flat part at the opposite end of the heart is the base. ◼The apex of the heart lies at the left 5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line ◼ 1 Surface Anatomy of the Heart The heart is located in the mediastinum, a midline partition of the thoracic cavity that also contains the trachea, the esophagus and associated structures. ◼The heart lies obliquely in the mediastinum, with its base directed to the back and its apex directed to the front and slightly directed to the left. ◼ 2 The Pericardium Peri =around & cardium =heart Surrounds the heart, consisting of a dense network of collagen fibers. It stabilizes the position of the heart and associated vessels within the mediastinum and consist of 2 layers .1Fibrous Pericardium “Out” .2Serous Pericardium “In” Between fibrous & serious Pericardial space includes serious fluid which able to contract and relaxe without friction 3 Exterior Surface of the Heart 4chamber of heart Right & left atrium Right & left ventricle In its typical anatomical orientation, the heart has 2 surfaces (some texts refer to 5 surfaces), formed by different internal divisions of the heart: ◼Anterior (or sternocostal) - Right ventricle. ◼Posterior (or base) - Left atrium. ◼Inferior (or diaphragmatic) - Left and right ventricles. ◼Right pulmonary border- Right atrium. ◼Left pulmonary border- Left ventricle ◼ Our heart tend to the left side so that right side appears bigger than left site Cardiac Chambers The heart is composed of 4 Chambers: Anatomically, the heart has 2 Atria and 2 Ventricles. They are separated by septa that appear from the ext. surface of the heart. ◼ 4 Functionally : 2 .1chambers to the venous side of the heart (Rt. Atrium and Rt. Ventricle) . 2 .2chambers to the arterial side of the heart (Lt. Atrium and Lt. Ventricle) . 5 Sulci of the Heart Interatrial groove: separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front ◼The anterior and posterior interventricular sulci can be found running vertically on their respective sides of the heart. They represent the wall separating the ventricles (Septum). ◼ The coronary sulcus (or atrioventricular groove) ◼Runs transversely around the heart, it represents the wall dividing the atria from the ventricles. The sinus contains important vasculature, such as the right coronary artery. ◼ right atrium atrioventricular groove Anterior interventricular 6 The Cardiac Muscle The heart wall consists of three distinctive layers: an outer epicardium , a middle myocardium myo muscle , and an inner endocardium. ◼ L The Epicardium is a thin serous membrane that constitutes the smooth, outer surface of the heart. ◼The Myocardium, is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart’s ability to contract. ◼The Endocardium, consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue that allows blood to move easily through the heart. ◼ 7 Myocardial Thickness and Function Right ventricle supplies blood to the lungs (little flow resistance) ◼Left ventricle wall is the thickest to supply systemic circulation ◼ Cardiac Valves Cardiac chambers are interconnected to each other through VALVES allowing passage of the blood flow only in one direction (From Atria to Ventricles). ◼The right atrium and the right ventricle are connected through a Tricuspid valve . ◼The Left atrium and the Left ventricle are connected through a Bicuspid “Mitral ” valve . ◼ 8 The left ventricle opens into the aorta and the opening is guarded by the aortic semilunar valve ◼While the right ventricle opens into the pulmonary trunk and the opening is guarded by the pulmonary semilunar valve. ◼ 9 Blood Supply of the Heart The major arteries supplying blood to the tissue of the heart lie within the coronary sulcus and interventricular sulci on the surface of the heart. ◼The right and left coronary arteries exit the aorta and lie within the coronary sulcus. ◼The right coronary artery is usually smaller in diameter than the left one, and it does not carry as much blood as the left coronary artery. ◼ 10 Blood Flow through the Heart Blood collects from the upper 1⁄2 of the body through superior vena cava and from the lower 1⁄2 of the body through the inferior vena cava. ◼Collected blood enters the right atrium then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary semi lunar valve ◼ From the pulmonary arteries to the lungs performing gaseous exchange then through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium ◼Collected blood enters the left atrium then through the bicuspid valve (Mitral) to the left ventricle to the aorta through the aortic semi lunar valve ◼ Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation Systemic circulation: The systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. ◼Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. the left side of the heart pumps the blood through the vessels to the tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart. ◼ Pulmonary circulation: is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle, towards the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart ◼Pulmonary circulation: carries deoxygenated blood from the heart for the process of gaseous exchange in the lungs. ◼ 11 Function of the Heart Generating blood pressure which is required for blood flow through the body ‫ ﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﺑﺿﺦ اﻟدم ﻟﻛل اﻟﺟﺳم‬. ◼Routing (directing) the blood to either systemic or pulmonary circulation ‫ ﯾﺣدد اﻟﻣﺳﺎرات اﻟدﻣوﯾﺔ‬. ◼Regulation of the blood supply to match the need of the organ. ◼ Function of the Circulation .1 Carries the blood. .2Exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues. .3Transport substances e.g. hormones. .4Helps regulate blood pressure. .5Direct blood flow to tissues when needed. 12 Types of Blood Vessels Arteries: are vessels that carry blood away from the heart, thick walled and muscular. ◼ Veins: are vessels that carry blood to the heart, thin walled and relatively wide.less pressure ◼ Capillaries The smallest blood vessels are capillaries and they connect the arteries and veins. ◼Capillaries are the only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids ◼ 13 Major pulse points ..😍 👌 14

The Human Heart Overview

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