University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

194

Pages:

9
Author:

rezancuk2j

Appendix Location and Description: • It is a narrow, muscular tube • containing a large amount of lymphoid tissue. • It varies in length from 3 to 5 inch. (2 -22 cm). • The base is attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum about 1 inch. (2.5 cm) below the ileocecal junction . • The remainder of the appendix is free. • Peritoneum: - It has a complete peritoneal covering, which is attached to the mesentery of the small intestine by a short mesentery of its own, the mesoappendix. - The mesoappendix contains the appendicular vessels and nerves. APPENIX Appendix….cont • Position - The appendix lies in the right iliac fossa, and in relation to the anterior abdominal wall 1 Retrocecal in retrocaecal recess behind cecum→ in 74% of people 2pelvic: in pelvis related to Rt. Ovary and uterine tube→ in 21% of people 3- Subcaecal: below cecum→ in 3.5% 4 Preileal: infront of ileum → 1% 5 Postileal: behind the ileum→0.5% • Surface anatomy of appendix= McBurney's point - Its base is situated one third of the way up the line joining the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus - To reach the appendix during operation follow the taenia coli which convergetoward the appendix Blood Supply of appendix Arteries • The appendicular artery is a branch of the posterior cecal artery(ilio-cecal.a)which descends behind the ileum. Veins • The appendicular vein drains into the posterior cecal vein. • Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix Lymphatic Drainage of appendix • The lymph vessels drain into one or two nodes lying in the mesoappendix → eventually into the superior mesenteric nodes. Nerve Supply of appendix • The appendix is supplied by the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagus) nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus. • Afferent nerve fibers concerned with the conduction of visceral pain from the appendix accompany the sympathetic nerves and enter the spinal cord at the level of the 10th thoracic segment. • The peritoneum over the appendix is innervated by the 10th intercostal nerve= skin of umbilicus Clinical notes • Acute appendetitis→ uncommon in the two extremes of life • Thrombosis of appendicular .a→ gangrene(just one artery for appendix) →perforation →Lt.paracolic gutter while in Acute cholecystitis→ no gangrene( more than one artery supply the gallbladder) • Appendiectomy