Module 7 - Maintaining Blood Gluclose

Module 7 03/04/21 maintaining Blood glucose at REST maintaining Blood glucose during PA Our body will protect the amount of blood glucose at all cases using Blood glucose homeostasis during Exercise insulin to correct for hyperglycemia and Glucagon to correct for hypoglycemia During exercise your muscles are constantly using muscle glycogen AND drawing from blood glucose to meet energy demand in active muscles your body is constantly preventing hypoglycemia during exercise catabolic hormones: • Glucagon *Cortisol • Insulin is an anabolic hormone and it decreases during exercise *Epinepherine "Norepinepherine "Growth hormone catabolic hormones increase during exercise when your blood glucose is below normal primary purposes glucagon will be released into the blood and gluconeogenesis will 13. maintain energy substrate availability. be stimulated 23. To protect blood glucose (ie prevent or correct hypoglycemia). what will happen when your blood sugar gets above 100 mg dl Lo insulin will be released into the blood, glycogen will be made, catabolic hormones increase the catabolic process and B glucose will leave the blood entering the cells. gluconeogenesis to meet their goals We can help correct hypoglycemia with taking in carbohydrate o Glucagon is a hormone that increases as a REACTION energy hypoglycemia whereas the other catabolic hormones are released due to physical stress and increase proactively in attempt to PREVENT 30 carbohydrate inputs to blood glucose can come from: Dietary intake of carbohydrate energy (starches and sugars) Glucagon causing glycogenolysis (internal input, liver glycogen is the only glycogen source that can add glucose to the blood) hypoglycemia Glucose Counter-regulatory Hormones: Effect on Liver Glucagon causing gluconeogenesis (internal input, use of amino when catabolic hormones. acids and glycerol among other substrates) INCREASE in our blood • Glycogenolysis increases preventing hypoglycemia Glycogenolysis • Lipolysis increases. Lwer Ant • proteolysis increases Otter Glycogenolysis is the breaking down of glycogen into • Gluconcogenesis increases tham glucose. This happens in the liver and the muscle. Lo However, the glucose made helps raise blood glucose from Liver only. These processes increase the Avaliability of gluconcogenic. substrats including amino acids and glyceгот production Glycogenolysis is always happening to prevent or correct Le Lipolysis glycerol for for hypoglycemia Gluconcogenesis Le it is happening most as we fast longer & longer proteolysis ↑ Frex amino acids for Gluconcogenesis preventing hypoglycemia: Gluconeogenesis Maintaining Blood glucose Gluconeogenesis is the creation of "new" glucose using non-glucose substrates: pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, amino acids. Fat and blood glucose 1. Happens in liver anty -when trigiyurides are broken down via lipolysis, both fatty acids and quycerol are liberated (released) The fatty acids will be transported to working muscle and become energy substrate via mitochon, p-ок, During exercise catabolic hormones increase in our blood which means lipolysis AND gluconeogenesis increase to help sasisty the goals of catabolic hormones Module 7 Maintaining Blood glucose protein and blood glucose when protein is broken down via proteolysis, the liberated amino acids can be used in the muscle within bioenergetics (glycolysis & Krebs) as fuel substrate These amino acids can be transported into the blood and to the liver where they become substrates for gluconeogenesis. The resulting glucose can be transported to the blood.... 1). To help protect blood glucose and / or transported to working muscle. 2). To help provide energy substrate in that working muscle Alanine - typical amino acid to be transported from muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis pyruvate/lactate and blood glucose [glycolysis] During exercise we produce a lot of pyruvate and/or lactate depending on intensity. Both molecules can be used in the working muscle as fuel substrate via Krebs cycle However, you will get spillover of both molecules into blood as well. once in blood they can be transported into liver & become a substrate for gluconeogenesis transportation of lactate to liver for gluconeogenesis = cori cycle