University:
McMaster University
Course:
NHW 100 | Nutrition Fundamentals
Academic year:

2021
Views:

41

Pages:

2
Author:

Sabrina S.

Exam 2 content Module 6 Carbohydrates Dietary carbohydrates ☐ STARCHES Dietary carbohydrates broken down into storage form of digestible carbohydrates (glucose) in plants. Simple carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates Main function: provide energy to our body High intensity exercise Starch and sugars contain a gram of fiber doesn't contain energy created by GLYCOGEN storage form of carbohydrate (glucose) in animals. Found mainly in liver and skeletal muscles. Refined carbohydrates and Resistant starch Refined carbohydrates: Carbohydrate nutrients that have been extracted and processed from natural sources to be used in the production of foods In terms of grains, they extract mostly just the starch from it and the flour from it so it's no longer whole-grain flour Ex: "enriched flour" Fiber (bran) and micronutrients (wheat germ), are separated out in the processing of the grains and removal of its starch. Resistant starches These starches that are resistant to digestion because they are difficult for our enzymes (mostly amylase) to break their bonds, not impossible but difficult Those starches with higher proportions of amylose become increasingly resistant to starch. chemical changes also occur during ripening as well as heating and cooling that can alter digestibility of starches Added sugars: these simple carbohydrates (sugars & syrups) that are added during processing or preparation Complex carbohydrates aka polysaccharides polysaccharides: Glycogen, Starch, dietary fiber Simple carbohydrates: monosaccharides & Disaccharides (sugars) Monosaccharides Glucose, Fructose, Galactose monosaccharides are composed of one sugar and are the basic building block of ALL CHO's. Disaccharides Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Disaccharides are 2 sugars bonded together cannot be absorbed as is digested down to 2 monosaccharides Fiber complex carbohydrate that cannot be digested (skins, whole grain, fruits, veggies) Dietary Fiber consists of nondigestible carbohydrates that are intact in plants Soluble Fiber can dissolve in water and with water, creates a gel-like substance. This type can be metabolized by our microbiota, allows soluble fiber to be called prebiotic Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and cannot be metabolized by our microbiota. Mainly provides bulk in our poop and plays a role in preventing constipation and bi disorders such as diverticulitis. Ex: skins of fruits, bran layer of grains Digestion: The catabolism of food down to the smallest of nutrients to be absorbed Digestion, using enzymes, happens when enzymes break bonds between molecules. Our enzymes digest starches (amylose, amylopectin & maltodextrins) Amylase, digests amylose, amylopectin and maltodextrins can only be found digesting starch in the mouth and the small intestine, not the stomach can only be found digesting starch in the mouth and the small intestine, not the stomach Module 6 Carbohydrates Lactase digests Lactose Maltose digests Maltose Sucrase digests Sucrose Amylase digests Amylase Dietary Carbohydrate Absorption once in the monosaccharide form, carbohydrates can be absorbed