Body Mass Index (BMI) Comparison Matt vs. Maria

1. Determine if Matt and Maria are about the correct weight based on their height. To do this, you can compare their BMI to published medical tables related to ideal values. Using an online BMI calculator, Matt’s BMI is 36.3. Matt is considered obese according to his BMI since a number greater than 30 is above the obesity line. When looking at Maria’s BMI, the value is 19.8. Maria is at a normal weight and therefore considered healthy in regards to her BMI. (Calculate Your BMI - Standard BMI Calculator) When comparing Matt’s weight to an ideal body weight chart it is clear that he is above the ideal weight which is 166 - 202 lbs for a male his height. When comparing Maria’s weight to an ideal body weight chart, it can be concluded that she has a normal weight, which is between 126 and 154 lbs for a female her height (What's Your BMI?-MultiCare). 2. Evaluate their diet to determine how many calories they both managed to consume on this particular day. (Keep track of where you find the information, for we will revisit this data later in the semester for a more detailed analysis). Matt IHOP (IHOP Nutrition) Burger King (Online Offers and Ordering) Subway Calories Chicken & Waffles 1050 Strawberry Banana French Toast Maria IHOP Calories Spinach and mushroom omelette 910 760 Buttered Toast side 250 Cup of Coffee 0 Tropicana Premium Orange Juice 180 Double Whopper w/ cheese 897 Medium Dr. pepper 190 Large French fries 430 Jalapeno popper side 163 Large Coke 213 12" Sweet 530 Burger King Subway Bacon and 712 cheese crispy chicken sandwich w/o mayo 6" Chicken & 530 (Subway Menu) Onion Chicken Teriyaki Bacon Ranch Melt bag of Lay’s classic chips 230 Chocolate Chip Cookie 200 Coca Cola (21 oz. with no ice) 260 Sprite (21 oz. with no ice) 260 Pizza Hut (Pizza Hut Nutrition Menu) 12 ‘’ Medium 960 Pan Pizza: Meat Lover’s Pizza Three slices Pizza Hut Totals: 4940 calories 4645 calories 12 ‘’ Medium 960 Pan Pizza: Meat Lover’s Pizza Three slices 3. Being that this is a typical routine for Matt and Maria, would you expect them to be heavier or lighter at the end of one year and by about how many pounds? You might need to consider their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in determining the total caloric expenditure. Matt has a Basal Metabolic Rate of around 2,571 while Maria has a Basal Metabolic rate of around 1,447. The Basal Metabolic rate is the amount of calories the body requires at rest to keep functioning. In order to determine their weight gain by the end of the year, I used a calculator that gives the amount of calories a day they need to maintain their current weight. Matt needs 3,785 calories per day to maintain his current weight of 275 pounds. On average, giving the information from their day, he consumes 4,940 calories a day. Which leads him at a 1,155 calorie surplus per day. And this leads to a 421,575 calorie surplus per year. Maria needs 2,239 calories per day to maintain her current weight of 130 pounds. On average Maria consumes 4,645 calories a day. Which leads him at a 2,406 calorie surplus per day. And this leads to a 838,190 calorie surplus per year (Smith et al. Calorie Calculator). According to my calculations using their BMR and a weight gain calculator, both Matt and Maria will become significantly heavier. Matt’s weight will increase about 147 pounds, and Maria’s will increase about 278 pounds (Weight Gain Calculator: Put on Lean Muscle Mass). 4. Would Matt’s eating lifestyle affect his chance of having diabetes mellitus? Diabetes is associated with a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Being overweight increases someone’s chances of having diabetes mellitus. Matt already has a family history of the disease, which makes him more prone to develop it. When combining family history with Matt’s obese lifestyle, his changes increase of having diabetes mellitus. The body choices Matt has also contribute to increasing his chances of diabetes, since his diet is composed of a lot of fats, highly processed carbohydrates, and sugar sweetened drinks. (Diabetes and Family History: How Much Risk is Genetic?) 5. Discuss the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and comment on the statement that eating too much sugar causes diabetes. When a person is overweight, their body cells develop more resistance to the effects of insulin in the blood sugar. Type 1 diabetes happens because of the pancreas producing little to no insulin. Type 2 diabetes happens because of insulin resistance and a defect in compensatory insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes is way more common, but both types can result in serious complications, disorders, and premature death (Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus). I believe that eating too much sugar does not directly cause diabetes. However, eating high amounts of sugar is one of the factors that contribute to the risk of developing diabetes. I believe there is a strong association between sugar intake and diabetes since sugar leads to higher calorie intakes, weight gain and contributes to insulin resistance. Having a healthy lifestyle helps prevent and delay diabetes.