University:
Rice University
Course:
BIOS 447 | Biology and Medicine
Academic year:

2021
Views:

50

Pages:

2
Author:

Alex P.

‭INFECTIONS BY MYCOBACTERIA‬ ‭TUBERCULOSIS:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Etiology:‬‭Mycobacterium tuberculosis‬‭(Koch bacillus). Acid-alcohol-fast‬‭bacillus‬ ‭(AFB). Tmb for‬‭M. bovis‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Pathogenesis: by inoculation (exogenous route).Withoutprior-Primary‬ ‭contact;Withprior-secondary contact. By endogenous route from internal focus (hematic,‬ ‭lymphatic, secretions or contiguity). More‬ ‭-‬ ‭incidence in poverty and HIV or immunosuppressive treatment.‬ ‭Histopathology: Common in all clinical forms. Ziehl-Nielsen stain.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Furthercaseous necrosis and bacilliendogenously.‬ ‭-‬ ‭More macrophages around exogenously.‬ ‭-‬ ‭They formtuberculoid granulomas(epithelioid cells and Langhans-type‬ ‭giant cells with lymphocytic crown) with greater immunity.‬ ‭clinical forms‬‭:The route of infection and immunity determine the clinical form.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Inoculation (exogenous route):‬ ‭-‬ ‭Tuberculous chancre (Primary infection): either‬ ‭Primary complexprimary tuberculosis.‬ ‭either Strange. Due to puncture or trauma with contaminated‬ ‭material. Sore either indoloa with erythematous halo and crust in‬ ‭exposed areas. Regional either lymphadenopathy that can fistulize,‬ ‭spontaneous healing with scarring‬ ‭-‬ ‭ nd MANTOUX IS DONE +‬ a ‭Verrucous tuberculosis (Reinoculation):‬‭either‬ ‭Good flood. Rara and Tmb generated by‬‭M. bovis.‬ ‭either Papule or plaquehyperkeratoticwith inflammatory halo on‬ ‭hands. May drain pus. Heals with time. Mantoux++‬ ‭-‬ ‭Endogenous pathway:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Tuberculous lupus(vulgar):‬ ‭ y endogenous route (multiple lesions)‬ ‭either‬ B ‭and perhaps by exogenous inoculation‬ ‭(single).‬‭The most frequent way‬‭.‬ ‭-‬ ‭either Inexpensive(nose, cheeks and ear lobes). Red-brownish macule ( apple‬ ‭jellyto vitro pressure) that tends to expand, infiltrate and heal in the‬ ‭center. Mantoux +.‬ ‭ riginal tuberculosis:‬ O ‭either Ulcerative tuberculosis of the mucous membranes. Strange.‬ ‭Byautoinoculationin highly smear-positive visceral tuberculosis.‬ ‭Poor immunity.‬ ‭-‬ ‭ ither Sorepainful that does not close. Mantoux + or -.‬ e ‭ crofuloderma‬‭:‬ S ‭ ither By extension of an underlying tuberculous infection (ganglionor bone).‬ e ‭Strange.‬ ‭Cervical.‬ ‭either Fistulaswith a mamelonated edge that drains caseous‬ ‭material, with fibrosis and calcification around it. Mantoux +.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Gummy tuberculosis‬‭: Same as scrofuloderma but without underlying‬ ‭tuberculous lesion and hematogenous dissemination. Strange. In‬ ‭extremities. Progressive.‬ ‭Mantoux + or -.‬