AP Biology - Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function

APBio - Unit 2 Question Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions? Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex? Which of the following functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is explained by the structural differences between them? Based on the model, the newly synthesized protein is transported directly from the endoplasmic reticulum to which of the following? Which of the following is a scientific claim about how the structure of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be different than it is in other cells because of high energy demands of mitochondria? Answer They have highly folded membranes Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins Rough ER can synthesized and package lipids for export and smooth ER cannot The Golgi complex The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should how more folds to increase the surface area, allowing more ATP to be synthesized. A membrane protein binds a specific molecule outside of Which of the following accurately describes a model the cell and moves the molecule into the cell where there is of active transport? already a high concentration of the molecule compared with the outside. Which of the folllowing best explains how the It increases the area available for proteins involved in extensive folding of the inner mitochondria energy transfer. membrane benefits a eukaryotic cell? Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consisent with an observation that a decreases in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondria activity? Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of ion pump function in the cell's lysosomes? Water enters and leaves the plant cells primarily by.. Which of the following best describes the numbered areas? Fewer lysosomes will be avaible to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration. The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digeston of food. Osmosis Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules. hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid Which statement best explains the orientation of the The molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and phospholipid molecules in this model? external environment. To model a plant cell, a permable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. the greatest pressure potenial will develop within dialysis 4 tube number. Which statement best explains why correct protein Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino folding is critical in the transmembrane protein acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane. shown above? The approximate molarity of the solution in which the 0.3 M mass of the plant pieces would NOT change is.. Which of the following describes the most likely from the leaves of the plant stimulates relationship between transpiration and water intake Transpiration subsequent water intake by the roots of the plant. in the plant? If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membrane is also inhibited? Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis? Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure cesaes to finction? Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient. Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit turgor pressure and are hypertonic. Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport? Which of the follwing components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport? Based on information. which of the follwing is the most likely explanation for a buildup of cholesterol molecules in the blood of an animal? Which of the following observations would best support the alternative hypothesis described above? Which of the following, if true about the drug, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the new drug will exhibit simple diffusion across plasma membranes? Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across the cell membrane? Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement Protein the animals body cells are defective in endocytosis In both plant cells and fungal cells, the cell wall surround the outside of the cell memrbane. The drug is a small nonpolar molecule. Ion are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipid are hydrophobic The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases Which of the following is the correst explanation for because the amount of water entering the paramecia by the data? osmosis increases Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have Ribosomes which of the following features in common? was a net movement of water out of the cell Which of the following statements best explains the There suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of observations represented in Figure 1? water into the cell suspended in the distilled water. Which additional investigation can be used to determine when the cells are in an isotonic solution? which of the following best predicts the effct of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process? Based on the model presented in Figure 1, which of the following outcomes will most likely result form a loss of protein X function? The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found both heterotrphs and autotrophs is the... Which of the following best explains how molecules such as O2 and CO2 can move across the membrane of a cell? Which of the following statements best explains the processes of passive and active transport? Which of the following expirmental desgins will result in the fastest net rate of water movement in to chamber A? Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes? Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth flat surface? The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT: If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in a beaker of distilled water, whihc of the following would be true of the potato slice? Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above? Based on Table 1, which of the following best evaluates the students hypothesis? Increasing the salinity of the enviroment a litte at a time until the ATP usage reaches a minimum. H+ ions will stop moving throught the protein. the membrane potential will be disrupted by an increase in K+ concentration inside the cell. mitochondrion the majority of the cell membrane is nonpolar, whcich allows small, nonpolar molecules to freely across. Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substanes up a concentration gradient that requires energy. placeing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B Organells isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency. mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membranes will decrease. It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cells. It would gain mass. Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane? The hypothesis is not supported because the mass of the grape increased in the grape juice. Which of the following most directly explains the changes in the cells? Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient? Which of the following best predicts which daigrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why? Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular fuctions? If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would intitially result? Which of the following best describes the role fo the structure labeled Y? The movenment of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into the solution The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solution will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the blood. View 2 because the rate of water movenment into the RBC's equals the rate of water movenment out of the cells. the phosphplipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatis and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins. The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine. Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized