Sensation and Perception Test Answer Key Part 2

True/False 21. Olfaction and gustation emerged early in our evolutionary history. Ans: True Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 22. The method used by odorants to enter the nose and bind to specific receptor sites is similar to the method used by neurotransmitters binding to receptors sites on receiving neurons. Both bind in a(n) __________ fashion. Ans: lock-and-key Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 23. What sense is most closely tied to taste? Ans: Smell Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Easy Essay 24. Why are taste and smell referred to as chemical senses? Ans: Both senses involve responses to specific chemicals such as those in odorants (for smell) and in food (for taste). Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 25. Approximately how many taste receptors are on each taste bud? a) 20-40 b) 50-90 c) 30-50 d) 60-100 Ans: d Feedback A: Too few Feedback B: Not the correct range Feedback C: Too few Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard True/False 26. Sweet/sour is the taste associated with monosodium glutamate. Ans: False Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 27. The human tongue is covered with bumps called __________. Ans: papillae Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 28. “Hot” or spicy foods activate what component of the tongue that communicates pain? Ans: Tactile system Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Essay 29. How is the consistency of food communicated to the brain? Ans: Touch receptors located on the tongue relay textural information such as “slimy” to the brain. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 30. When olfactory information reaches the olfactory nerve, it travels to which organ located beneath the frontal lobes? a) Cerebral cortex b) Olfactory bulb c) Piriform cortex d) Amygdala Ans: b Feedback A: Where information from the olfactory bulb is sent Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Region of the cerebral cortex; involved later in the process Feedback D: Where information from the olfactory bulb is sent Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard True/False 31. Studies have shown that the piriform cortex is changeable in adulthood. Ans: True Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 32. The olfactory bulb sends information to the __________, an area important for learning and memory. Ans: hippocampus Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Short Answer 33. What structure that is activated by the olfactory bulb is associated with regulation of emotions and fear? Ans: Amygdala Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Short Answer 34. Many people report that smells are evocative of past events. What 2 structures in the brain may be activated during these olfactory “trips down memory lane”? Ans: Hippocampus and amygdala Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 35. Which structure serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information to the cerebral cortex? a) Hippocampus b) Amygdala c) Insula d) Thalamus Ans: d Feedback A: Activated by familiar smells Feedback B: Activated by familiar smells Feedback C: Part of the cortex that receives taste information; associated with emotion of disgust Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium True/False 36. All sensory systems send information through the thalamus. Ans: False Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 37. People who have lost the ability to smell have a disorder known as __________. Ans: anosmia Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 38. Why may a person develop the disorder of ageusia, the loss of the ability to taste? Ans: Head trauma or oral surgery Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Essay 39. Identify an age-related disease that produces a diminished sense of smell. What does this relationship between disease and smell indicate about brain structures? Ans: Alzheimer’s disease and the related loss of smell may indicate that the neurons in brain structures located in olfactory brain regions are deteriorating. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 40. Olfaction is to gustation as _______ is to _______. a) smell; taste b) hearing; taste c) taste; hearing d) taste; smell Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. Olfaction refers to the sense of smell, not hearing. Feedback C: Incorrect. Olfaction refers to the sense of smell, not taste. Gustation refers to taste, not hearing. Feedback D: Incorrect. Olfaction refers to the sense of smell, not taste. Gustation refers to taste, not smell. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Difficulty Level: Easy 41. The sense receptors for olfaction are located on hair-like structures called ______. They convert odorants into neural impulses, an example of a process termed _______. a) papillae; transduction b) papillae; perception c) cilia; transduction d) cilia; perception Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. The olfactory receptors are located on cilia, not papillae. Feedback B: Incorrect. The olfactory receptors are located on cilia, not papillae. Converting odorants into neural impulses exemplifies transduction, not perception. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. Converting odorants into neural impulses exemplifies transduction, not perception. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 42. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the responsiveness of an individual olfactory receptor? a) A given olfactory receptor responds only to a specific airborne chemical. b) A given olfactory receptor responds to a wide range of odorants. c) A given olfactory receptor responds to one of four or five basic classes of odorants. d) A given olfactory receptor responds to virtually any airborne chemical. Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. A given olfactory receptor responds only to a specific airborne chemical. Feedback C: Incorrect. A given olfactory receptor responds only to a specific airborne chemical. Feedback D: Incorrect. A given olfactory receptor responds only to a specific airborne chemical. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 43. Your text states that “continuous binding of certain odorants . . . will result in the fatigue of the olfactory receptor neurons to which they bind.” This passage should remind you of the concept of: a) tolerance b) adaptation c) habituation d) desensitization Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. The passage refers to a process called adaptation, not tolerance. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. The passage refers to a process called adaptation, not habituation. Feedback D: Incorrect. The passage refers to a process called adaptation, not desensitization. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 44. Gustatory receptors are contained in the ________, located on the ________. a) taste buds; cilia b) cilia; taste buds c) taste buds; papillae d) papillae; taste buds Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. The taste buds are located on papillae, not cilia. Feedback B: Incorrect. Gustatory receptors are contained in the taste buds, located on the papillae. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. Gustatory receptors are contained in the taste buds, located on the papillae – not the other way around. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 45. How many basic types of taste are there? a) 3 b) 4 c) 4, perhaps 5 d) 5, perhaps 6 Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. There are 4 or 5 basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, and sour, plus perhaps umami. Feedback B: Incorrect. Umami may comprise a 5th basic taste. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. There are 4 or 5 basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, and sour, plus perhaps umami. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 46. Regarding taste receptors, which of the following statements is TRUE? a) Each taste receptor responds to any of the five basic tastes. b) The different types of taste receptors are located on distinct parts of the tongue. c) The different types of taste receptors are evenly distributed across the tongue. d) The different types of taste receptors are not distributed evenly across the tongue. Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. Each taste receptor responds to only one of the basic tastes. Feedback B: Incorrect. Most tastes can be recognized on most parts of the tongue. Feedback C: Incorrect. The different types of taste receptors are not distributed evenly across the tongue. Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium 47. Which are the main senses involved in the experience of a spicy meal? a) olfaction and gustation b) gustation and the tactile sense of pain c) gustation, olfaction, and the tactile sense of pain d) gustation and the tactile sense of temperature Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. A spicy meal involves gustation, olfaction, and the sense of pain. Feedback B: Incorrect. A spicy meal involves gustation, olfaction, and the sense of pain. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. A spicy meal involves gustation, olfaction, and the sense of pain. Section Ref: The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Learning Objective: Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste. Difficulty Level: Medium