Sensation and Perception Test Answer Key Part 7

160. What type of color blindness is most common? a) Yellow-red b) Blue-green c) Blue-red d) Red-green Ans: d Feedback A: Wavelength one kind of cone responds to Feedback B: Less common than red-green Feedback C: Less common than red-green Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy True/False 161. People with red-green color blindness have a shortage of cones that respond to either greenish or reddish wavelengths. Ans: True Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 162. People with a specific form of visual agnosia known as __________ cannot recognize faces. Ans: prosopagnosia Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Hard Short Answer 163. What condition results in a person ignoring one side of their visual field? Ans: Hemi-neglect Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Essay 164. How do Gestalt principles inform theories of vision? Ans: Helps add meaning to visual information; laws of grouping and figure/ground help identify how visual information is organized into coherent images. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 165. Which Gestalt law of grouping indicates that we tend to fill in the gaps of objects so they are perceived as whole? a) Proximity b) Similarity c) Continuity d) Closure Ans: d Feedback A: Group objects that are located close to one another Feedback B: Group objects that resemble one another Feedback C: Group objects that fall along the same plane Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy True/False 166. The law of good form states that we tend to group objects that are visually attractive. Ans: False Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 167. The term that refers to each eye experiencing a slightly different image of environmental stimuli is __________. Ans: retinal disparity Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 168. What term is used to describe how we determine the distance of objects from us and their spatial relationship with one another? Ans: Depth perception Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy Essay 169. What is the difference between monocular and binocular depth cues? Ans: Binocular depth cues require the use of both eyes whereas monocular cues require the use of only one eye. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 170. Which of the following is NOT a monocular depth cue? a) Interposition b) Linear perspective c) Texture gradient d) Convergence Ans: d Feedback A: Monocular cue Feedback B: Monocular cue Feedback C: Monocular cue Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Hard True/False 171. Linear perspective occurs when parallel lines seem to diverge from one another. Ans: False Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 172. Our tendency to view objects as unchanging is referred to as __________. Ans: perceptual constancy, perceptual constancies Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 173. What disorder is characterized by the inability to naturally develop coordinated movement of both eyes? Ans: Strabismus Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Essay 174. Name 3 diseases that can produce blindness? Ans: Diabetes, glaucoma, macular degeneration, etc. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 175. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between the electromagnetic spectrum and visible light? a) “The electromagnetic spectrum” is just geek-speak for “visible light.” They’re the same thing. b) The electromagnetic spectrum refers to a small portion of the spectrum of visible light. c) A small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is seen as visible light. d) Most but not all of the electromagnetic spectrum is seen as visible light. Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. A small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is seen as visible light. Feedback B: Incorrect. A small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is seen as visible light. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. A small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is seen as visible light Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 176. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision, from first to last? a) pupil retina lens b) lens pupil retina c) retina pupil lens d) pupil lens retina Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. The correct sequence is: pupil lens retina Feedback B: Incorrect. The correct sequence is: pupil lens retina Feedback C: Incorrect. The correct sequence is: pupil lens retina Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 177. Which of the following structures of the eye is CORRECTLY matched with its function? a) iris – detects light b) pupil – regulates the amount of light entering the eye c) lens – adjusts the size of the pupil d) rods – focus the image on the retina Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil. The rods detect light. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. The lens focuses the image on the retina. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil. Feedback D: Incorrect. The rods detect light. The lens focuses the image on the retina. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 178. Compared to cones, rods are _____. a) more sensitive to light b) more densely concentrated in the fovea c) more responsible for color perception d) less numerous Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. As compared to cones, rods are more sensitive to light. They are less densely concentrated in the fovea than are cones. Feedback C: Incorrect. As compared to cones, rods are more sensitive to light. They are not responsible for color perception. Feedback D: Incorrect. As compared to cones, rods are more sensitive to light. There are fewer rods than cones. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 179. The optic nerve is composed of axons of _________. a) bipolar cells b) ganglion cells c) rods and cones d) foveal cells Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. The optic nerve is composed of axons of ganglion, not bipolar, cells. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. The optic nerve is composed of axons of ganglion cells, not rods and cones. Feedback D: Incorrect. The optic nerve is composed of axons of ganglion cells. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 180. Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the retina and the fovea? a) They are one and the same: The terms are synonymous. b) The retina is part of the fovea. c) The fovea is part of the retina. d) Light passes through the fovea on its way to the retina. Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. The fovea is part of the retina. Feedback B: Incorrect. The fovea is part of the retina. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. The fovea is part of the retina. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 181. Which alternative below CORRECTLY pairs a dimension of color with its description? a) hue – how much light is reflected from the visual stimulus b) hue -- how much white is mixed into the color c) brightness – the wavelength of light that the stimulus produces d) saturation – how much white is mixed into the color Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. Hue refers to the wavelength of light that the stimulus produces. How much light is reflected from the stimulus corresponds to brightness. Feedback B: Incorrect. Hue refers to the wavelength of light that the stimulus produces. How much white is mixed into the color corresponds to saturation. Feedback C: Incorrect. Saturation refers to how much white is mixed into the color. How much light is reflected from the stimulus corresponds to brightness. Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 182. The ________ theory of color vision proposes that there are three different receptors for color. a) trichromatic b) frequency c) opponent-process d) place Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. The trichromatic theory of color vision proposes that there are three different receptors for color. The frequency theory is a theory of pitch perception in audition. Feedback C: Incorrect. The trichromatic theory, not the opponent-process theory, of color vision proposes that there are three different receptors for color. Feedback D: Incorrect. The theory of color vision proposes that there are three different receptors for color. The place theory is a theory of pitch perception in audition. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 183. With respect to color vision, the lateral geniculate nucleus is to the retina as __________ theory is to ___________ theory. a) opponent-process; trichromatic b) opponent-process; frequency c) trichromatic; opponent-process d) place; trichromatic Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. Color processing in the retina is described by trichromatic theory. Frequency theory is an account of auditory pitch perception. Feedback C: Incorrect. Color vision in the lateral geniculate nucleus is described by opponentprocess rather than trichromatic theory. Color processing in the retina is described by trichromatic, not opponent-process, theory. Feedback D: Incorrect. Color vision in the lateral geniculate nucleus is described by opponentprocess theory. Place theory is an account of auditory pitch perception. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 184. To what extent are color afterimages adequately explained by trichromatic theory on the one hand, and opponent-process theory on the other? a) Trichromatic theory offers a more satisfactory account of color afterimages than does opponent-process theory. b) Opponent-process theory offers a more satisfactory account of color afterimages than does trichromatic theory. c) Both trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory offer satisfactory accounts of color afterimages. d) Neither trichromatic theory nor opponent-process theory offers a satisfactory account of color afterimages. Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. Opponent-process theory offers a more satisfactory account of color afterimages than does trichromatic theory. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. Opponent-process theory offers a satisfactory account of color afterimages. Trichromatic theory does not. Feedback D: Incorrect. Opponent-process theory offers a satisfactory account of color afterimages. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 185. Which of the following sequences correctly orders the structures along the visual pathway, from first to last? a) thalamus superior colliculus visual cortex b) visual cortex thalamus superior colliculus c) superior colliculus thalamus visual cortex d) thalamus visual cortex superior colliculus Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. Visual information is processed in the superior colliculus before it is processed in the thalamus. Feedback B: Incorrect. Visual information is processed in the superior colliculus before it is processed in the thalamus. The thalamus then relays visual information to the cortex. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. Visual information is processed in the superior colliculus before it is processed in the thalamus. The thalamus then relays visual information to the cortex. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 186. Visual information from the middle part of the visual field is processed on the ______ side of the cortex. Visual information from the lateral part of the visual field is processed ________. a) same; on the opposite side of the cortex b) opposite; on the same side of the cortex c) same; on the same side of the cortex as well d) opposite; on the opposite side of the cortex as well Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. Visual information from the middle part of the visual field is processed on the opposite side of the cortex. Visual information from the lateral part of the visual field is processed on the same side. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. Visual information from the middle part of the visual field is processed on the opposite side of the cortex. Feedback D: Incorrect. Visual information from the lateral part of the visual field is processed on the same side of the cortex. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Hard 187. Which of the following alternatives BEST captures the distinction between the two major visual pathways described in your text? a) One processes object location. The other processes object identity. b) One processes chromatic aspects of the visual scene. The other processes nonchromatic aspects of the scene. c) One processes simple object features. The other processes complex object features. d) One processes stationary objects in the visual scene. The other processes moving objects. Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. The “where” pathway processes object location. The “what” pathway processes object identity. Feedback C: Incorrect. The “where” pathway processes object location. The “what” pathway processes object identity. Feedback D: Incorrect. The “where” pathway processes object location. The “what” pathway processes object identity. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 188. The “what” pathway terminates in the ______ lobe. The “where” pathway terminates in the ______ lobe. a) temporal; parietal b) parietal; temporal c) occipital; parietal d) temporal; occipital Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. The “what” pathway terminates in the temporal, not the parietal, lobe. The “where” pathway terminates in the parietal, not the temporal, lobe. Feedback C: Incorrect. The “what” pathway terminates in the temporal, not the occipital, lobe. Feedback D: The “where” pathway terminates in the parietal, not the occipital, lobe. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 189. Which visual objection recognition disorder is CORRECTLY identified? a) the inability to recognize faces – visual agnosia b) the inability to recognize objects visually -- prosopagnosia c) the apparent unawareness of one side of the visual field – hemi-neglect d) the inability to recognize faces -- anosmia Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. The inability to recognize faces is termed prosopagnosia, not visual agnosia. Visual agnosia is an inability to recognize objects visually. Feedback B: Incorrect. The inability to recognize objects visually is termed visual agnosia, not prosopagnosia. Prosopagnosia is an inability to recognize faces. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. The inability to recognize faces is termed prosopagnosia, not anosmia. Anosmia is an olfactory disorder. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 190. Queenie can recognize objects by smell or touch, but not by sight. She has no trouble recognizing objects verbally. Patsy recognizes faces only by focusing on features such as hairstyle, eyeglasses, or jewelry. Queenie suffers from __________. Patsy suffers from _________. a) hemi-neglect; prosopagnosia b) visual agnosia; hemi-neglect c) prosopagnosia; visual agnosia d) visual agnosia; prosopagnosia Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. Queenie suffers from visual agnosia, not hemi-neglect. Feedback B: Incorrect. Patsy suffers from prosopagnosia, not hemi-neglect. Feedback C: Incorrect. Queenie suffers from visual agnosia, not prosopagnosia. Patsy suffers from prosopagnosia, not visual agnosia. Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 191. Which alternative below CORRECTLY pairs a visual pathway with an object perception disorder? a) “what” pathway – visual agnosia b) “what” pathway -- hemi-neglect c) “where” pathway -- ageusia d) “where” pathway -- prosopagnosia Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. Hemi-neglect is a disorder of the “where” pathway. Feedback C: Incorrect. Ageusia is a taste disorder, not a visual disorder. Feedback D: Incorrect. Prosopagnosia is a disorder of the “what” pathway. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 193. Early in psychology’s history, the _______ psychologists identified the principles by which visual information is organized into coherent images. a) structural b) psychoanalytic c) humanist d) Gestalt Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. The Gestalt psychologists, not the structuralists, identified the principles by which visual information is organized into coherent images. Feedback B: Incorrect. The Gestalt psychologists, not the psychoanalytic psychologists, identified the principles by which visual information is organized into coherent images. Feedback C: Incorrect. The Gestalt psychologists, not the humanists, identified the principles by which visual information is organized into coherent images. Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 195. Which of the following Gestalt laws is CORRECTLY defined? a) proximity – we tend to fill in small gaps in objects b) continuity -- stimuli falling along the same plane tend to be grouped together c) good form – stimuli near to one another tend to be grouped together d) closure – stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped together Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. The law of proximity suggests that stimuli near to one another tend to be grouped together. The law of closure states that we tend to fill in small gaps in objects Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. The law of good form states that stimuli forming a shape tend to be grouped together. The law of proximity suggests that stimuli near to one another tend to be grouped together. Feedback D: Incorrect. The law of closure states that we tend to fill in small gaps in objects. The law of similarity suggests that stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped together. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 196. Which of the following terms is the best synonym for ‘disparity’? a) distance b) depth c) constancy d) difference Ans: d Feedback A: Incorrect. Disparity means “difference.” Feedback B: Incorrect. Disparity means “difference.” Feedback C: Incorrect. Disparity means “difference.” Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Easy 197. The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye can serve as a depth cue termed binocular ________. a) disparity b) gradient c) perspective d) constancy Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye is termed binocular disparity. Feedback C: Incorrect. The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye is termed binocular disparity. Feedback D: Incorrect. The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye is termed binocular disparity. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 198. You are standing on the beach; the sea is choppy. You observe that the crests of distant waves appear not only smaller, but also closer together than do the crests of waves nearer the beach. This example illustrates a depth cue known as _________. a) linear perspective b) relative size c) texture gradient d) binocular disparity Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. The example illustrates texture gradient, not linear perspective. Feedback B: Incorrect. The example illustrates texture gradient, not relative size. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. The example illustrates texture gradient, not binocular disparity. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Hard 199. In a beginning drawing class, your instructor suggests that an illusion of depth may be created in a two-dimensional picture by including parallel lines that converge at a vanishing point. Your instructor is making reference to a monocular depth cue known as __________. a) linear perspective b) linear parallax c) relative size d) texture gradient Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. The example illustrates linear perspective. There is no depth cue termed “linear parallax.” Feedback C: Incorrect. The example illustrates linear perspective, not relative size. Feedback D: Incorrect. The example illustrates linear perspective, not texture gradient. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 200. From the window of an office on a skyscraper’s 90th floor, taxis on the street look tiny. Of course, you know they’re not toy cars; you’re just really far up. This example illustrates the ________ depth cue of _________. a) monocular; familiar size b) binocular; familiar size c) monocular; texture gradient d) binocular; texture gradient Ans: a Feedback A: Feedback B: Feedback C: gradient. Feedback D: Correct! Incorrect. Familiar size is a monocular, not a binocular, depth cue. Incorrect. The example illustrates the depth cue of familiar size, not texture Incorrect. The example illustrates the monocular depth cue of familiar size. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 201. Your text implies that as compared to the other senses, vision is ________ developed at birth. a) less well b) equally c) more highly d) much more highly Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. Vision is less well developed at birth than are the other senses. Feedback C: Incorrect. Vision is less well developed at birth than are the other senses. Feedback D: Incorrect. Vision is less well developed at birth than are the other senses. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Hard 202. Vinnie is 1 month old. Uri is 3 months old. Tanisha is a 9-month-old. Which alternative below most accurately describes the visual development of these infants? a) Vinnie focuses mostly on contrasts. Uri focuses on faces. Tanisha’s focal range is about one foot. b) Vinnie focuses mostly on contrasts. Uri focuses on faces. Tanisha’s visual acuity is similar to that of an adult. c) Vinnie focuses mostly on contrasts. Uri’s focal range is about one foot. Tanisha focuses on faces. d) Vinnie focuses on faces. Uri’s focal range is about one foot. Tanisha’s visual acuity is similar to that of an adult. Ans: b Feedback A: Incorrect. Tanisha’s visual acuity is similar to that of an adult. Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Incorrect. Tanisha’s visual acuity is similar to that of an adult. Feedback D: Incorrect. Vinnie focuses mostly on contrasts. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Hard 204. Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between strabismus and amblyopia? a) Strabismus can produce amblyopia. b) Amblyopia can produce strabismus. c) Strabismus and amblyopia are synonymous. d) Strabismus and amblyopia are unrelated. Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Incorrect. Strabismus can produce amblyopia, not the other way around. Feedback C: Incorrect. Strabismus and amblyopia are not synonymous: Strabismus can produce amblyopia. Feedback D: Incorrect. Strabismus and amblyopia are not unrelated: Strabismus can produce amblyopia. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 205. Approximately how many people in the United States may be characterized as blind? a) 2 million b) 6 million c) 12 million d) 20 million Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. Approximately 12 million Americans may be characterized as blind. Feedback B: Incorrect. Approximately 12 million Americans may be characterized as blind. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. Approximately 12 million Americans may be characterized as blind. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Medium 206. When blind people read Braille, which parts of their brains become active? a) portions of the occipital lobe b) portions of somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe c) portions of the occipital and temporal lobes – the “what” pathway in vision d) portions of the occipital and parietal lobes – the “where” pathway in vision Ans: c Feedback A: Incorrect. When blind people read Braille, not only do portions of the occipital lobe become active, but portions of the temporal lobe do as well. Feedback B: Incorrect. When blind people read Braille, areas corresponding to the “visual” what pathway rather than those relating to touch become active. These areas include portions of the occipital and temporal lobes. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Incorrect. When blind people read Braille, areas corresponding to the “visual” what pathway rather to the “where” pathway become active. These areas include portions of the occipital and temporal lobes. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty Level: Hard Sabrina’s eye doctor just artificially dilated her pupils so he could see insider her eyes. After the appointment Sabrina will likely experience _______. a) nausea b) a headache c) a heightened sensitivity to light d) blurred double vision Ans: c Feedback A: Artificial pupil dilation does not cause nausea. Feedback B: Artificial pupil dilation does not cause a headache. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Artificial pupil dilation does not cause blurred double vision. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Easy True-False The effects of artificial pupil dilation wear off faster in dark-eyed people than in people with lighter-colored eyes. Ans: True Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Short Answer Top-down processing contributes to which three types of perceptual constancy? Ans: Top-down processing contributes to color constancy, shape constancy, and size constancy. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium Essay Describe the illusion of the Ames Room. Ans: The Ames Room is trapezoidal in shape and has sloped floors and ceilings. A person looks inside through a peephole using one eye so that the room appears normal. Because the observer assumes the both people are equidistant from him, he perceives the two people to be very different is size. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice The term ______ refers to our tendency to view objects as if they were unchanging, even though the actual visual sensations we receive are constantly shifting. a) absolute threshold b) just noticeable difference c) perceptual constancy d) top-down processing Ans: c Feedback A: Perceptual constancy refers to our tendency to view objects as if they were unchanging, even though the actual visual sensations we receive are constantly shifting. Feedback B: Perceptual constancy refers to our tendency to view objects as if they were unchanging, even though the actual visual sensations we receive are constantly shifting. Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Perceptual constancy refers to our tendency to view objects as if they were unchanging, even though the actual visual sensations we receive are constantly shifting. Section Ref: The Visual Sense: Sight Learning Objective: Describe key processes in visual sensation and perception. Difficulty: Medium