SATELLITE VIRUS, VINGIDS AND EXIONS 1. Satelitre Virus: to Sub viral agents composed of nuclets acras enclosed by protein coat, due to the lack of necessary genes for replication, they depend on helped vious [another Viava] for replication, multiplication and Co-Infiction →Satellite genomze may be single-stranded RINA OF DINA on Oscular RNA and are replicated by enzymer provided by the helper virus Discovery →The satellite vive to be reported to tobacco necroule Catellite Waus (TV) associated with Tobacco necross Visue by kalsonis Structure:- Replication: →It contain genetic material elthes DLAI RINA most of the cases genetic material will be in Nd fam Bateigre Virve requires helper vist for replication →The genetic malcain of both (ie, Eatrilite virus and helpta Vous will be either Some pas different and replication trade will be files fame different but they infect 10 the host Cen togetha ie, Adsorption penetration lysis of protein coat Synther of Nucific acld and prettin Assembly of virus separately matuse and release from the Colle →Satellite virut atto called as incomplete Virve because this Satellite Vious without HV it couldn't do anything. →They have very little nucleotida Disease: The vizve (sv) cause diseases to plants, animalk and mammalt, Bat, mostly is effects and causes disease to plants. 2, Viroides- →viroide are also known as naked virus. → It contains small single stranded circular RNAL that are infectious pathogens. →unlike other virus, there no protem coating Etscovery- viroids are discovered by T.O. Bienes in 1991 Structure: →Viroide are ENA molecules about 246-40 length Circular →They replicate independently using host polymerase. →They do not encode any protein sequences Replication: Attachment [viavt adhere to hast cell] Penetration [cntta Inalde cell] Viaal RNA Introduerd te hatt ceit Reverse transcriptase [le, BNA DNA comesling) Then the viral genetic mattatal incorporates into host genome Multiply Neis formed vyoids assemble togelnes Viruses new synsberged comes out through lysis of host cen This infect other celle Diseases: viroids are known to caves are so disease in plants 1. PSTD potato spindle durase Chay santhemum Stunt Citrus excarta cucumber pale fruit 3. prions: It contains protein cout and genetic matestal is absent →proteinaceous infecitrous particle Discovery: Stanley B. prusiner Structure:- →Normal polons contato about 200-250 A.A trusted Into there texphane choades like colle known as helices with falls of maze amino ac146. →The mutsted and Infectious forms of prion is buit Fram Same Aa but take different shape lis misfolded (abnormally folded protein). →100 times Imaller than the smaller known Viaus Replications when paion enters a heathy organism It induces existing, properly forded normal proteins is convert into the disease Assoctored Prion form The normal form of the protein is called pape while the infectious (paion) furm is called PyPsc These newly formed prient can then go on to format mose proteins and produce large amount of prionfam prione cause other similar plottine to cito nefoldet lose fonction, cause disease. This prione causes. Transmissible spongiform diseasette) in haman which attacks the central nervous System (the brain). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE]/mad cow disenser ie, Brain of cow becomes spongy and touches the Skull that's the reason for madness in cou ill, Scrapie disease in goat and theep Aizhimes disease in human