Kidney Function | Lecture Note - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

93

Pages:

4
Author:

Kyuwon J.

● Kidney - Anatomy and functions ● Paired bean shaped retroperitoneal organs ○ major excretory structure, responsible on ■ removal of metabolic wastes ● urea ● creatineine ■ Regulating water, electrolytes ■ regulation on acid base balance ■ production of hormones ● erythropoietin ● renin ○ about 10cm long 6cm wide 3 cm thick ○ reddish brown ○ is located on posterior abdominal wall ■ between T12-L3 ○ right kidney is lower due to location of liver ■ liver is on right side of upper abdomen ■ pushed downward due to liver ■ left kidney is higher in position due to there isn’t any large organ holding it’s place Gross anatomy ● Surface ○ lateral border = Convex ○ Medial border = Concave ■ within hilum => renal sinus ■ Renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis ○ Poles ■ superior pole ● related to superaneal gland ● closer in iliac crest Covering ● Fibrous capsule = thin adherent ● perinephric fat = cushion on organ ● Renal fascia = enclosure of kidney & superaneal gland ● Paranephric fat = outermost later, posterior cushioning Relation ● Anterior (right) ○ liver duodenums ○ right colic flexures ● Anterior (left) ○ Spleen ○ stomach ○ pancrease ○ left colic flexures ○ jejunum ● Posterior (both) ○ diaphragm ○ psoas major ○ quadratus lumborum ○ transversus abdominis ○ rib 11-12 Internal structures ● Renal cortex ○ outer granular zones ○ containing renal corpuscles ● Renal medulla ○ inner straight regions ○ formed by renal pyramids ■ apex of pyramid = renal papilla => drain to minor calyx ● Pelvicalyceal system ○ minor calyces => Major calyces => Renal pelvis => Ureter ● Renal sinus ○ fat filled cavity ○ hilum containing vessels + pelvis Microscopic Anatomy ● Nephron = Functional unit (~1M unit/ kidney) ○ Regnal corpusces ■ Bowman’s capsules ■ glomerulus ○ Tubules ■ Proximal convoluted tubules ■ Loop of Henle ■ Distal convoluted tubules ■ Collecting duct systems ● Nephron types ○ Cortical ■ Shorter loops ○ Juxtamedullary ■ longer loops with concentrated urine

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