Risk Factor Lecture: 2

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
MICROBIO 3500B | Microbiology and Immunology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

211

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

9515 lec 2 Risk ● Probability that a specific action or exposure will give rise to negative health outcome Risk factor- increase chance of individual suffering disease ● Individual characteristics or behaviors that increases the likelihood that a person will suffer negative health outcomes ● Could occur on multiple steps ○ Genetics ■ Non-modifiable factors ■ Social, economic environment ■ Lifestyle and behaviours Protective factors- protective factor reduces individuals or population form certain disease ● ex) ○ Access to healthcare ○ Non-discriminatory policies ○ Economic stability Risk condition-’Risk condition and Risk could be used interchangeably ● Chronic conditions that contributes to a person’s risk of disease, disability or death ○ Ex) ■ Overweight ■ Obesity ■ Pre-diabetes Multimorbidity ● Co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person ● Having one chronic disease increases the risk that a person will develop a second chronic disease. Chronic Disease Continuum Chronic disease is not day to day effect. It is rather a life long effect ● Risk condition will increase over the life course ● Individual behavior could affect the chronic condition ○ It also is a risk factor(overeating, unhealthy lifestyle) Chronic disease share common risk factors and conditions Modifiable risk factors are greatly affected by sociological conditions Modifiable Risk Factor ● Risk factors tend to cluster ○ People who have healthy lifestyles tend to exhibit this across all behaviors ○ ● ● ● ● Also clustering with social and economic factors-people in disadvantaged circumstances are more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles Risk/protective factors may also have a synergistic relationship ○ ex) ■ Nutrition and exercise ● Consuming calcium build bone strength exercise maintain bone strength Therefore, it is difficult to isolate the effects of individual risk factor Cant make randomized trials on risk factors for ethical reasons(e.g. smoking) Able to do prevention trials to try and ascertain the contribution of different risk factors (smoking cessation, lifestyle modifications) Modifiable Risk factors (SMOKING) ● Risk factor for numerous chronic diseases ○ Lung Cancer and other cancer types ○ Heart Disease ○ Stroke ○ Chronic Respiratory Disease ● Also contributes to several risk conditions ● Leads preventable causes of premature deaths ● Responsible for substantial direct and indirect costs