Infectious Disease | The University Of Western Ontario

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
MICROBIO 3500B | Microbiology and Immunology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

482

Pages:

2
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Infectious disease Exposure- Potentially infectious contact between a parasitic organism and a potential host Infection- a parasitic organism invades a host Transmission- a parasitic organism replicate within an infected host. It sheds infectious individuals(infectious or transmitting) Pathogenesis- parasitic organisms causes changes in the physiology of an infected host. Affects survival and reproduction (host is “diseased”) Infectious disease dynamics are determined to a large extent by the duration of these states as well as the degree and timing of overlaps Modes of transmission Direct transmission ● Direct contact ● Droplet spreads ○ Through droplets of bodily fluids ○ Influenza-spreads through coughing, bodily fluids are transmitted to other hosts. ○ Diphtheria- Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets Indirect transmission ● Airborne ○ Tends to have smaller particle size than droplet spread , will have longer travel distance ○ Tuberculosis(TB)- Primarily spreads through smaller droplets ● Vehicle-borne(fomites) ○ infectious agent transmitted through contaminated object ○ Salmonella(foodborne)-through contaminated eggs, or poultry ○ Cholera(waterborne)- Transmission through drinking water by vibrio cholerae ○ HIV(bloodborne):Spreads through direct blood contact, or unsanitized medical environment ● Vector-borne(mechanical or biological) ○ Malaria-plasmodium parasites transmitted by mosquitoes(Anopheles) Portal of Entry-site where infectious agents will enter host’s body for infection ● Respiratory tract-nose,mouth by inhalation of infectious elements(COVID-19, Measles) ● Gastrointestinal-through ingestion of contaminated substance(Cholera, Norovirus, Hepatitis A, Salmonella) ● Skin-Breach in skin barrier(cuts,abrasion). Such wound gives entrance for pathogens(Tetanus,Rabis,Staphylococcus infection) ● Urogenital-breach of pathogens through urethra/genital mucosa(UTIs, Gonorrhea,HIV,Syphilis) ● Conjunctiva- direct contact to pathogens in eyes(COVID-19,Trachoma) ● Bloodstream-Breach on blood vessels(Hepatitis B,C,HIV) ● Placental Routes-cross placenta from infected mother to fetus(Syphilis,Zika Virus, Rubella, HIV) Protal of Exit- site where pathogens exit. Used for transmission of the disease.(coughing,sneezing,open wound,urine,semen,insect bites, breastfeeding)

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