University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
MICROBIO 3500B | Microbiology and Immunology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

241

Pages:

2
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Vaccine Effectiveness ● Efficacy ○ Ability to protect against the disease under ideal condition ○ Controlled trials ○ Focuses on individual level ● Effectiveness ○ Ability to protect against popu;ation ○ Real world conditions ■ % reduction of disease incident in vaccinated versus unvaccinated ■ (1-RR) x 100 ■ (1-OR) x 100 ● RR ○ Relative Risk level ex) If 10% smokers get lung cancer and 1% of non-smoker does Smoking will give 10 times more risk of getting lung cancer ● OR ○ Odds Ratio ○ Odds of outcome in exposed group out of unexposed group ○ Case control study Vaccine effectiveness ● Outcome vary ○ Lab confirmed clinical diagnosis ● Method vary ○ RCT, cohort test negaviet ○ Case control ● Vaccine varies ● Population vary ○ Afge ○ Force of infection ○ Immunosuppressed ○ Past infections Vaccine effectiveness estimates ● Lab confirmed influenza ○ 30-90% ● Influenza like illness ○ 25-50% ● Hospitalization (P&I) ○ 10-20% Issues in vaccine effectiveness estimation ● Disease agents ○ Shift/drift ○ types /serotypes ● Variety of: ○ Outcome ○ Study design ○ Vaccines ○ Populations Universal influenza vaccine ● Goal is to cover all influenza strains ○ Once per life or few boosters ● Billions used for research each year ● Nothing yet