Skin Anatomy Study Resources

Skin Anatomy A. Defenition Skin: The outermost & widest part of the body organs (approximately 1.5-2 m square), Weight 10 kg and 4 kg without fat b. The thickness varies Thickest Palms and feet Thinnest Eyelids, layers of skin consists of Epidermis, Dermis and Sub Cutis. 1. EPIDERMIS (ARI SKIN) Formed from keratinocyte cells. Consists of 5 layers: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lusidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basalis. 2. DERMIS Located below the epidermis and thicker, it consists of an elastic, dense fibrous layer and hair follicles. a. PARS PAPILLARE The part that projects into the epidermis consists of: nerve endings & vessels blood b. PARS RETICULARE The part that protrudes downwards, consists of collagen fibers, elastin and reticulin 3. SUB CUTIS Consists of loose connective tissue filled with fat cells. Skin adnexa a. The skin glands consist of sweat glands (Glandula sudorifera), glands palit/oil (Gl. Sebacea ) b. Nail c. Hair. d. Sensory organs: presence of nerve endings COLLECTION OF LEATHER TERMS Alopecia : hair loss, baldness. Blepharitis : continuous inflammation of the glands and hair follicles on the part the edges of the eyelids are characterized by itching, burning, secreting sealput mucus, dry eyelids and loss of eyelashes. Boil : a disease of small lumps that form on the skin through inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, covering the central skin or “core” also causes furuncles. Bulla (pl. bullae) : boils or blebs, containing a liquid substance, causing sores on the skin. Carbuncle : a collection of swollen boils that appear in a group and hair follicles. Comedo (pl. comedones) : keratin and sebum plug in enlarging Open hair follicles often increase bacteria, blocking comedoes as a gray hair opens a comedo as black hair. Desquamation : change of skin in scales or sheets. Ecchymosis Bruise : localized red or purple discoloration caused by subcutaneous tissue. Erythema : reddened skin caused by blocked capillaries in the layers bottom of the skin; mixed with injured skin. Excoriation : disease of the epidermis, usually from abrasion or scratching. Fissure : narrow gap in the skin, crack. Folliculitis : inflammation of the follicle, one of the tubular cavities of the epidermis which covers the hair and from which hair grows. Furuncle : see boil. Furunculosis : pain accompanied by boils (furuncles) excessively during periods week or month. Chytosis : a group of skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness and scaliness of skin, sometimes referred to as “alligator skin”, “fish skin”, “crocodile skin”, “porcupine skin”. Induration : hardening Keratitis : inflammation of the cornea. Sichenification : ronghened, thickening of the epidermis, protrusion of spots on skin caused by rubbing or irritation; flexor aspects often arise from members body. For example: chronic dermatitis. Maceration : weakness of the skin from wetting or soaking. Macule : various changes in color on the skin such as flats. For example: white (vitiligo), gray (café-au-lait spot), purple (petechia). Nervus (pl. nevi): mole. a period that appears vaguely beside that which...with increasing overlying the epidermis. For example: tumor. If this increases along with the skin on palpation, as nodule, also as subcutaneous. Papule : swelling, which increases the area up to 1 cm in diameter The highest may be pointed, rounded, or flat. Examples: acne, warts, small lesions from psoriasis; Also pay attention to flakes (large papules). Petechiae : pinpoint, tiny, and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of epidermis caused by intradermal or subcutaneous small blood vessels hemorrhage. Plaque : significant swelling of the area drastically up to 1 cm in diameter, usually flattopped. For example: psoriasis. Pruritus : the appearance of a lump of purulent exudate. For example: acne, folliculitis. Pyodema : a variety of purulent (swelling or pus formation) skin disease. Spider angioma : a soft tumor that forms from telangiectacia usually aggregate as liver disease. Telangiectacia : formation of vascular scars through elevation of the bundles small blood vessels; vascular spider or spider veins; acceleration of ultra violet light which reduces the elasticity in the walls of the tiny blood vessels supplied by skin, with permanent expansion constriction and formation of telangiectacia. Urticiana itchy wheals (hives); a vascular reaction of the skin through moderate appearance and pathohes shown by redden or paler on around the skin. Verruca : flesh-colored growths, warts. Vesicle : the appearance of a wound with a diameter of approximately 1 cm and containing fluid clear serous. For example ; herpes simplex boils or herpes zoster. Wheal : the appearance of a circumscribed area in a flat-topped edema area on the surface of the body. For example ; urticaria Xerodeerma : formation of mild ichthyosis;excessive dryness of the skin. Skin is the largest body organ constituting 15 % to 20 % of body weight and consisting of three layers (fig 8-1). The skin differs anatomically and physiologically in different areas of thebody but the main function of the skin is as a structural protector principal of external injury and dangerous substances. The skin is the main absorber, isn't it? As an exchange organ, it has many different functions, including holding the organ together, sensory perception, contributor to liquid/gas balance, controller temperature, absorbing ultra violet (UV) radiation, metabolizing vitamin D, and synthesizing epidermal lipids