New Infectious Diseases 1. New Infectious Disease (New Emerging Infectious Disease) From a public health perspective, the existence of new infectious diseases or old infections that reappear is a logical consequence of the natural evaluation process. In general, apart from the ability of pathogenic microbes to change themselves, humans with various changes in technology and behavior also provide opportunities for microbes to naturally genetically engineer themselves. With global climate change, it also contributes to the emergence and development of various new infectious diseases and old diseases that reappear. New Emerging Infectious Disease (NEID) and Re- emerging Infectious Disease (REID) often have the characteristics of an acute event, spread in a short time, and have a wide impact on human life. Because as new creatures, many humans do not yet recognize these microorganisms in their body's defense system. It takes a long time to recognize it. It has been identified that there are various factors that play a role in the emergence of NIED and RIED, namely changes in the ecosystem, population density, changes in population behavior, climate change and so on. Another factor is the ability of pathogenic microbes to change their properties over time. For example, mutations that cause changes in characteristics, resistance to drugs and so on. 2. Re-emerging infectious diseases A disease that has existed before and reappears to attack a population but increases very quickly, both in the number of new cases in a population and in its spread to new geographic areas. Cross-continental travel, including trade and tourism, has the potential to spread infectious diseases. In fact, the spread of infectious diseases through the traveling process is said to be faster than the incubation period. 3. The scope of the origin of the disease Emerging and Reemerging infections There are Emerging and Reemerging infections are divided three diseases, namely: a) Emerging Viral Diseases. (Ebola virus disease, Hanta virus disease, Foot and mouth disease, Nipah virus disease, MERS virus disease Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, Poliomyelitis and new viral d,isease, COVID-19) b) Emerging Bacterial Diseases: (Botulism, Brucellosis, Listeriosis, Melioidosis, Plague, Bush fever). c) Emerging Parasitic Diseases: (Toxoplasmosis, New parasitic disease). 4. Factors related to the rapid emergence of these new infectious diseases a) Urbanization and habitat destruction native (allows humans and animals to live closer) b) Climate and ecosystem changes: changes in reservoir host populations or intermediary insect vectors and microbial genetic mutations. 6. Development of emerging and infectious diseases Reemerging to date In the last 30 years, more than 30 Emerging Infectious Diseases (PIE) have emerged caused by the emergence of new organisms. Scientific research on 335 new diseases discovered between 1940 and 2004 indicates that countries associated with the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Mekong River Basin are global hotspots for the emergence of PIE. How to detect emerging infectious diseases and Re-emerging. Must go through laboratory examination. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have a very high potential to spread and usually if there is widespread spread it will be called an epidemic or pandemic. 1) Epidemic: An infectious disease that spreads rapidly, suddenly increases in a certain population and geography 2) Pandemic: An epidemic that occurs simultaneously in various places covering a wide geographic area 3) Endemic: Diseases that spread in an area or group of people: usually present in a population or certain geographic area 4) PHEIC/KKMMD is an abbreviation for Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)/World Worrying Public Health Emergency (KKMMD), meaning a global public health problem that requires international cooperation in accordance with the provisions of IHR 2005 ( International Health Regulation). ).