Diseases in the Work Environment Rammazini, who is known as the father of Occupational Medicine , realized that not all worker illnesses are caused by the work environment (chemical or physical agents), due to the presence of repetitive, violent, irregular motions and awkward postures as factors that cause illness in workers.Some occupational diseases that commonly occur and are reported throughout the world include the following: 1. Cancer Cancer is a complex disease that starts when abnormal cells in the body grow uncontrollably, which is a major cause of morality in the world. The UK Occupational Safety and Health website shows that around 8,000 workers die per year with a recorded number of cancers per year of around 13,500 workers. Occupational cancer can occur as a result of work involving direct exposure to carcinogens or exposure to carcinogens produced as a result from the work process. It is known that cancer in workers can come from asbestos, silica, radiation, mining, shift work, painting and so on. The onset of symptoms in workers has been reported after more than 10 years between exposure to carcinogens. 2. Bone Deformity Boutonniere deformity is an injury that occurs to the tendon that straightens the middle joint of the finger. If this injury is treated immediately, the deformity can be resolved, otherwise it will cause permanent deformity and functional impairment. This boutonniere deformity is generally caused by a strong blow to the upper (dorsal) side of the middle (bent) joint of the finger. Signs of deformity can develop immediately after injury to the finger or can develop 1 to 3 weeks later. 3. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is usually caused by the use of handheld vibrating electric tools, grinders, chainsaws, etc. This disease usually occurs around the wrist, with symptoms of tingling in the fingers, pain and even numbness. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (2016) in states that most cases of CTS are caused by a combination of factors where women and the elderly are at greater risk. Other risk factors include heredity, repetitive hand use, hand and wrist position, pregnancy and health conditions. 4. Dermatitis Occupational dermatitis is a non-infectious disease caused by skin contact with substances used during work activities, related reactions can occur from minor to serious effects. Dermatitis in workers is generally divided into 2 groups, namely allergic contact dermatitis or skin inflammation due to contactwith the above allergens. Sensitization and irritant contactdermatitis are non-immunological inflammatory skin reactions due to chemical reactions.Symptoms that generally occur in allergic contact dermatitisfrom the work process. It is known that cancer in workers can come from asbestos, silica, radiation, mining, shift work, painting and so on. The onset of symptoms in workers has been reported after more than 10 years between exposure to carcinogens. 2. Bone Deformity Boutonniere deformity is an injury that occurs to the tendon that straightens the middle joint of the finger. If this injury is treated immediately, the deformity can be resolved, otherwise it will cause permanent deformity and functional impairment. This boutonniere deformity is generally caused by a strong blow to the upper (dorsal) side of the middle (bent) joint of the finger. Signs of deformity can develop immediately after injury to the finger or can develop 1 to 3 weeks later. 3. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is usually caused by the use of handheld vibrating electric tools, grinders, chainsaws, etc. This disease usually occurs around the wrist, with symptoms of tingling in the fingers, pain and even numbness. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (2016) states that most cases of CTS are caused by a combination of factors where women and the elderly are at greater risk. Other risk factors include heredity, repetitive hand use, hand and wrist position, pregnancy and health conditions. 4. Dermatitis Occupational dermatitis is a non-infectious disease caused by skin contact with substances used during work activities, related reactions can occur from minor to serious effects. Dermatitis in workers is generally divided into 2 groups, namely allergic contact dermatitis or skin inflammation due to contact with the above allergens. Sensitization and irritant contact dermatitis are non-immunological inflammatory skin reactions due to chemical reactions.Symptoms that generally occur in allergic contact dermatitisare redness of the skin, dry, scaly, watery blisters, itching, swelling in the eyes and dark/cracked skin.Meanwhile, the symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis are usually mild swelling of the skin, a feeling of stiffness in the skin, dry skin, blisters and local reactions. 5. Occupational Asthma Asthma in workers is associated with exposure to respiratory sensitizers. According to Dykewicz (2009) asthma in workers is worsened when they inhale chemical vapors, gases, dust or other substances during their work activities. Symptoms include chest tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath, this disease contributes 10 ‒ 25% of asthma turnover in adults. Preventive action is when workers avoid using or being exposed to dangerous substances. 6. Tendonitis and tenosynovitis Tendonitis (inflammation of the tendon) and tenosynovitis (inflammation of the sheath surrounding the tendon) are types of tendon injuries. The clinical picture of tendon disorders is characterized by pain at the wound site, specific physical findings on examination include tenderness when the area above the tendon is touched, sometimes swelling, redness, and restriction of movement. Prevention of tendon disorders must include identifying and treating risk factors or in this case carrying out case studies of tendonitis and tenosynovitis disorders in workers. The design of good work practices and equipment must aim to reduce repetitive movements, awkward postures and static body postures. Arranging work and rest times, training and education must be carried out consistently and continuously. Work disasters include aspects: 1) Humans, also known as unsafe actions , are risky actions from workers which may be motivated by various reasons, including: i. Inability to work normally (inadequate capability) ii. Uncomfortable behavior and behavior altitude and habits) iii. Confusion and stress because the new work procedures cannot yet be understood iv. Lack of knowledge and skills (lack of knowledge and skills) v. Body dysfunction due to invisible defects (bodily defects) vi. Fatigue and boredom ( fatique and bredom) vii. Do not understand/not yet skilled with new equipment or machines (lack of skill) viii. Decreased concentration and indifference ix. Lack of work motivation x. Lack of job satisfaction and an attitude of wanting to harm oneself 2) Environment, namely unsafe conditions of working machines,equipment, materials, work systems, aircraft, etc. 3) Human interaction and aspects of work support facilities.Human interaction and work support facilities are a source of work accidents.