Clinical Epidemiology: Abnormal and Diagnosis - Edubirdie

University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
HST 198 | Health Sciences and Technology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

265

Pages:

3
Author:

mason mc44

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY : Abnormal and Diagnosis Abnormal Normal is a situation that occurs in general. Meanwhile, abnormal is something that does not normally occur and is associated with disease. The goal in distinguishing between normal and abnormal is to separate observations that are felt to require action. Results that are declared abnormal will be included in the list of diagnoses that require further action. Meanwhile, results that are considered normal are stated to be within normal limits and do not require further action.In measuring clinical phenomena, three data measurement scales are needed. Firstly, the nominal scale is used for research that seeks categorization only, secondly the ordinal scale shows that the interval distance between levels does not have to be the same and thirdly the interval scale is to express rankings between levels. Data validity and reliability are also needed in research. Validity is the level of measurement results that correspond to the actual situation of the phenomenon being tested which will be compared with applicable standardssuch as levels of anxiety, knowledge, pain and so on, while reliability is a measurement of the same thing that also gives the same result Abnormality criteria a) Abnormality as something that is unnatural Lab tests for disease are influenced by the degree of illness so that there is a transition between being sick or not being sick. b) Abnormalities that are related to disease This criterion is based on the distribution of observations of healthy and sick people, related to sensitivity and specificity. c) Abnormality as something that can be treated As time goes by, technological capabilities in the medical field are also increasing, providing opportunities to research various health problems or diseases with the aim of better treatment. Diagnosis a) False positives Those who do not show symptoms of illness but based on the results of a health examination are declared positive for illness. b) False negatives Those who actually feel sick but based on the results of the health examination are declared negative or not sick. c) True negative Those who do not feel sick and based on the results of the health examination also show negative or not sick. d) Sensitivity The presentation of those who are truly sick and proven by positive health test results. e) Specificity Their presentation is truly healthy and is proven by negative health test results.

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