tve stain adhere of Peptidoglycan. Staining -ve stain adbere on LPS ethonol ↓ LPS destruct -ve now expose theirpeptidoglycan layer counter stain with safranin LPS anexample of endetorin Toxin exotoxin-delifrately serreated toxins to kill host, neighbour cell et normal Component of bacteria act as toxin eg: - endera toxin. Pectoris fazin Shiga toxin Encotoxin. NAD (formation of Aderio) ADP+ ribase + nicotinamide.. • NAD source of ADP ribose group B&A (active Channel enter through. • the ebannd forming palt ADP ribong latet G-G @bolera toxin ABS Cxotoxin active Catalytic ADPeyhorylate to Gia GDP Constitutive active channe + Channel more Nat inte GIGTP Open Natho Clchanel ↓ more salt to Comen move water to lumen - diauboea Petrusis lozin A'B's e Bordello petrusis ad on respiratory tract Generate cough. Petrurin lox in GiGDD ADPR nowin ibibitory configuration ↓ more CAMP + more PKA more salt to respiratory tract ↓ Generate cough. Shigotozing Ricin CRicimus communis) AB5 ↓ Shigella bo (some mechoriim) remove ailical 'A' from 28 SYRNA Translation Diphtheriatoxin AB. + Exoloxin A (Corexobacterius diphtheria A-B Came mechoniem). Prudomona aevrugino of FP2 (eukaryotic BDP rysolyted to translocdion factor). Diphthamide (derived ↓ So called frombiblicline) diphtheria foxin.