University:
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

69

Pages:

3
Author:

Jithin J I

DESIGNING TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSES IN SPORTS Introduction  Learning processes in sports encompass a wide range of areas, including motor skills, knowledge of rules, and game strategies.  This lecture will primarily focus on motor learning processes, exploring the phases and mechanisms involved. 3.3.1: Learning Phases and Learning Processes  Understanding Motor Learning Processes   Changes in Representations   These processes not only affect behavioral competence but also alter how information is coded, neural substrates, and the mode of control during behavioral recall. Two or Three-Stage Models   Motor learning processes involve changes in memory that are crucial for motor control. Numerous models differentiate between early and late learning phases, marking a structural shift in neural substrates and a reduced reliance on working memory resources. Reduced Dual-Task Costs  Dual-task costs diminish as learning progresses, indicating a shift toward non-attentional/automatic control. Methods: Measuring Automatization by Means of Dual-Task Paradigms (Abernethy, 2001)  This section briefly mentions the methods used to measure automatization during the learning process. 3.3.2: Instruction and Feedback  Information Sources  Information can come from extrinsic sources (instruction and feedback) or intrinsic feedback based on sensory information.  Types of Feedback   Two main types of feedback are discussed: future-oriented instruction and past-oriented feedback on movement outcome (knowledge of results) or on the movement itself (knowledge of performance). Variability in External Information  External information can be delivered by coaches or through various media and modalities (visual, acoustic, kinesthetic, tactile). 3.3.2.1: Instruction: Variables of Observational Learning  Observational Learning   Modeling and Imitation   Attention should be directed to the most relevant elements of the movement to optimize learning. Enhancing Visuomotor Transformation   Observations are processed in two ways: visual and spatial representations dependent on working memory, and ideomotor processes supported by the mirror neuron system. Selective Attention   Dynamic-visual demonstrations are referred to as modeling (deliberate) or imitation (spontaneous reenactment). Processing Observations   Observational learning is often based on demonstrations of successful movement executions. Visual information processing limitations can be addressed through techniques like slow motion, still images, textual, and graphical cues. The Role of Ideomotor Processes  Ideomotor processes involve the transformation of visual perceptions into motor representations and are influenced by the observation perspective. Conclusion Understanding the intricacies of motor learning processes is crucial for designing effective teaching and learning strategies in sports. As we delve deeper into these mechanisms, we gain insights into how athletes acquire and improve their motor skills, ultimately enhancing their performance in the field.