Chapter 5 and 6 - Answer Key

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. A) B) C) Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home? vestibular sacs D) feature detectors bipolar cells E) basilar membrane olfactory receptors 2. A) B) C) D) Gestalt psychologists emphasize that: perception is the same as sensation. we learn to perceive the world through experience. the whole is more than the sum of its parts. sensation has no effect on perception. 3. During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of: A) accommodation. D) serial processing. B) sensory interaction. E) sensory adaptation. C) kinesthesis. 4. When hearing the words “eel is on the wagon,” you would likely perceive the first word as “wheel.” Given “eel is on the orange,” you would likely perceive the first word as “peel.” This context effect best illustrates the organizational principle of: A) proximity. B) continuity. C) interposition. D) closure. E) convergence. 5. Because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of: A) proximity. B) color constancy. C) closure. D) similarity. E) convergence. 6. A) B) C) D) E) The Young-Helmholtz theory proposes that: there are three different types of color-sensitive cones. retinal cells are excited by one color and inhibited by its complementary color. there are four different types of cones. rod, not cone, vision accounts for our ability to detect fine visual detail. there are several different types of color-sensitive cones. 7. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the: A) lens. B) iris. C) retina. D) optic nerve. E) feature detectors. 8. The blind spot is located in the area of the retina: A) called the fovea. B) that contains rods but no cones. 9. A) B) C) D) E) C) where the optic nerve leaves the eye. D) where bipolar cells connect with ganglion cells. Accommodation refers to the: diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina. Page 1 10. Although carpenter Smith perceived a briefly viewed object as a screwdriver, police officer Wesson perceived the same object as a knife. This illustrates that perception is guided by: A) linear perspective. D) perceptual set. B) shape constancy. E) convergence. C) retinal disparity. 11. While reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates: A) interposition. D) perceptual constancy. B) perceptual adaptation. E) the cocktail party effect. C) selective attention. 12. The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as: A) the opponentprocess theory. B) Weber's law. C) feature detection. D) frequency theory. 13. A) B) C) D) Color constancy refers to the fact that: light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting. objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes. the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness. the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength. 14. The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of: A) sensory adaptation. D) transduction. B) accommodation. E) sensory interaction. C) parallel processing. 15. Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________. A) encoding; detection C) interpretation; organization B) detection; interpretation D) organization; adaptation 16. The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates: A) relative motion. D) visual capture. B) retinal disparity. E) perceptual adaptation. C) the phi phenomenon. 17. Because Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting together behind the same bowling lane, Ruth perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the organizational principle of: A) proximity. B) convergence. C) closure. D) continuity. E) connectedness. 18. A) B) C) The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates: sensory interaction. D) subliminal perception. kinesthesis. E) parallel processing. accommodation. 19. The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is the: A) fovea. B) ganglion cell. C) cone. D) bipolar cell. E) rod. Page 2 20. Superman's eyes used ________, while his brain used ________. A) perception; sensation C) bottom-up processing; top-down processing B) top-down processing; bottom-up processing D) sensory adaptation; subliminal perception 21. A) B) C) Your sensitivity to taste will decline if you: smoke heavily. consume large amounts of alcohol. grow older. 22. A) B) C) D) Infants who were exposed to the visual cliff: tried to climb up the cliff if their mothers were at the top. gave no evidence that they could perceive depth. refused to cross over the “deep” side to their mothers. eagerly crossed to their mothers by means of the “bridge” provided. 23. A) B) C) D) The cochlea is a: fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position. fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement. set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum. D) do any of the above. E) do none of the above 24. The vibrations of the eardrum are amplified by three tiny bones located in the: A) eustachian tube. B) semicircular canals. C) inner ear. D) cochlea. E) middle ear. 25. If you can just notice the difference between 10- and 11-pound weights, which of the following weights could you differentiate from a 100-pound weight? A) 101-pound weight B) 105-pound weight C) 110-pound weight D) there is no basis for prediction 26. According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing the: A) release of pain-killing endorphins in your brain. B) activation of specific neural fibers in your spinal cord. C) arousal of your autonomic nervous system and the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream. D) deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin. 27. Taste receptors are located: A) on the top of the tongue. B) on the sides of the tongue. 28. A) B) C) C) on the roof of the mouth. D) in all of the above places. Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called: feature detection. D) sensory interaction. accommodation. E) the vestibular sense. kinesthesis. 29. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called: A) interposition. B) constancy. C) closure. D) continuity. E) convergence. 30. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the: A) sensory adaptation threshold. C) subliminal threshold. Page 3 B) difference threshold. D) absolute threshold. 31. After staring at a very intense red stimulus for a few minutes, Carrie shifted her gaze to a beige wall and “saw” the color ________. Carrie's experience provides support for the ________ theory. A) green; trichromatic C) green; opponent-process B) blue; opponent-process D) blue; trichromatic 32. If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be: A) more coarsely textured. B) less hazy. C) more distant. D) closer. 33. Which cells are located closest to the back of the retina? A) ganglion cells B) bipolar cells C) rods and cones D) feature detectors 34. A) B) C) D) The phantom limb sensation indicates that: pain is a purely sensory phenomenon. the central nervous system plays only a minor role in the experience of pain. pain involves the brain's interpretation of neural activity. all of the above are true. 35. The barn owl's right ear opens slightly upward while its left ear opens slightly downward. This asymmetry is most useful for enabling the owl to detect the ________ of a sound. A) pitch B) timbre C) location D) loudness E) amplitude 36. The olfactory cortex is located within the: A) frontal lobes. B) parietal lobes. C) occipital lobes. D) temporal lobes. E) thalamus 37. According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ________ light. A) green; blue B) yellow; red C) green; red D) red; blue E) yellow; green 38. The human ability to outperform computers in speedily recognizing familiar objects best illustrates the value of: A) accommodation. D) sensory interaction. B) kinesthesis. E) parallel processing. C) subliminal stimulation. 39. The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called: A) perceptual set. B) perceptual constancy. C) figure-ground perception. D) the phi phenomenon. 40. Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which sound travels after entering the ear? A) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea D) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal B) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, cochlea E) auditory canal, middle ear, eardrum, cochlea C) eardrum, middle ear, cochlea, auditory canal 41. Describe how we transform sound waves into hearing. Include the parts of the ear and the process from the beginning the sound wave hits the outer ear to the final stop in the brain. (10pts) 42. Describe top-down processing and bottom-down processing. (2pts) Page 4 43. "A man born blind, and now adult, taught by his touch to distinguish between a cube and a sphere, could, if made to see, visually distinguish the two." Explain this statement. Is it accurate? Why or why not? (8pts) Page 5 Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. C C B D D A B C E D C B B D B C A E E C D C A E C B D C C D C C C C C D C E C A Page 6