Macro 2: Plants and Animals

Macro 2 Name: 1. 2. Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds? A. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper B. C. helium, neon, argon, krypton D. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen Proteins are large macromolecules composed of thousands of subunits. The structure of the protein depends on the sequence of A. 3. Date: lipids. B. monosaccharides. C. amino acids. D. nucleosides. A branched form of sucrose The structural formula of cellulose is shown. Which phrase correctly describes cellulose? A. A polymer made of glucose B. C. A disaccharide D. A simple sugar page 1 4. Use this diagram to answer the question. What is the main purpose of the mitochondria shown by the arrow? A. 5. cell reproduction B. cellular digestion C. energy production D. protein manufacture The table below shows the elemental composition of three di erent types of organisms. Elemental Composition of Selected Organisms (percent by weight) Element Human Alfalfa O 65.0 77.9 E.coli Bacterium 73.7 H 9.5 8.7 9.9 C X P S Total 18.5 3.3 1.0 0.3 97.6% 11.3 12.1 0.8 3.0 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 99.5% 99.6% The X in the table represents which of the following elements? A. calcium (Ca) B. iron (Fe) C. page 2 nitrogen (N) D. sodium (Na) Macro 2 6. Energy for most chemical reactions in cells is supplied by which of the following molecules? A. 7. ATP B. DNA C. adrenaline D. hemoglobin Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions. C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing. D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing. 8. 9. Which of the following statements describes a DNA molecule? A. It contains the base uracil. B. It has a double helix shape. C. It contains ve phosphate groups per nucleotide. D. It has a backbone of twenty di erent nucleotides. The diagram below shows a pair of DNA nucleotides. The nitrogenous base guanine (G) is labeled. Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine? A. adenine (A) B. cytosine (C) C. page 3 thymine (T) D. uracil (U) Macro 2 10. What do disaccharides, such as sucrose, and polysaccharides, such as starch, have in common? A. They are lipids made of fatty acids. B. C. They are nucleic acids made of nucleotides. D. They are carbohydrates made of simple sugars. page 4 They are proteins made of amino acids. Macro 2 The following section focuses on a hereditary blood disease. Read the information below and use it to answer the question(s) that follow(s). In the blood, the protein hemoglobin can slowly convert to a di erent form. This other form, called methemoglobin, is normally converted back to hemoglobin by an enzyme. In a rare blood disease called hereditary methemoglobinemia (met-H), methemoglobin is not converted back to hemoglobin. People with type 1 met-H lack the enzyme necessary for converting methemoglobin back to hemoglobin because of a gene mutation. As a result, methemoglobin builds up in the blood and makes the skin and mucous membranes look blue. Type 1 met-H does not usually a ect a person's health in any other way, and daily doses of vitamin C or methylene blue convert the methemoglobin back to hemoglobin. The pedigree for a family with a history of type 1 met-H is shown below. The pattern of inheritance for this form of met-H is autosomal recessive (allele m). Key Una ected male Male with type 1 met-H Una ected female Female with type 1 met-H page 5 Macro 2 11. Most people with type 1 met-H have no symptoms except blue skin and mucous membranes. If the concentration of methemoglobin in the blood increases enough, the ability to carry oxygen decreases and other symptoms can develop. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result if there were large amounts of methemoglobin in the blood? 12. A. hyperactivity B. C. increased appetite D. in ammation of kidneys Which group of organic compounds contains fatty acids? A. 13. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins Which component of blood is directly responsible for transporting oxygen to body cells? A. 14. lack of energy plasma B. platelets C. red blood cells D. white blood cells A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances? A. adenine, guanine, and cytosine B. hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine C. ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine D. deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base page 6 Macro 2 15. 16. The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to A. form cell membranes B. catalyze cellular reactions C. supply energy for the body D. provide building blocks for proteins Amylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the structure of amylase? A. B. C. D. page 7 Macro 2 17. 18. Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function? A. lipid–stores genetic information B. vitamin–supplies energy to cells C. enzyme–speeds up chemical reactions D. carbohydrate–manufactures cell membranes The characteristics listed below can be used to describe some molecules. 1. inorganic 2. supplies energy and ber 3. component of plant cell walls 4. part of DNA 5. made of nucleotides Which of these sets of characteristics describes a carbohydrate? A. 19. 1-3-5 B. 2-3-4 C. 2-4-5 D. 1-3-4 Cell walls are made of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate. Which of the following compounds is the basic unit of the cell wall? A. Amino acids B. Sugars C. page 8 Lipids D. Nucleic acids Macro 2 20. A diagram of a protein molecule is shown above. The units labeled “X” which bond together to form the protein molecule are called— A. 21. amino acids. B. fatty acids. C. monosaccharides. D. nucleotides. Which of the following is needed to transfer and release energy? A. Calcium B. Phosphate C. Nitrate D. Potassium ATP. D. oxygen. 22. In the diagram above, the substance labeled X is most likely— A. 23. an enzyme. B. water. C. Energy is passed from a potato to the person eating it primarily by the energy stored in— A. starch molecules. B. DNA. C. page 9 minerals. D. vitamins. Macro 2 24. A chart listing the characteristics of four molecules is shown below. Molecule Function Monomer 1 Stores Energy Monosaccharides 2 Forms structure of cell membrane Fatty acids 3 Carries genetic information Nucleotides 4 Builds muscles Amino acids Which molecule listed in the chart is a protein? A. 25. 26. B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? A. It will be unable to carry out respiration. B. C. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. D. It will be unable to photosynthesize. It will lose water through osmosis. Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? A. 27. 1 DNA B. glucose C. fat D. starch Which structure is most responsible for maintaining homeostasis, or balance, in a cell? A. vacuole B. cell wall page 10 C. cell membrane Macro 2 28. This is a diagram of a plant cell. Which organelle is used to transfer energy and can also be found in an animal cell? A. 29. C. D. A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the protein as an energy source? A. 30. B. ATP B. ADP C. catalase D. amylase If translation is inhibited in a cell, which type of molecule will no longer be synthesized? A. simple sugar B. fatty acid C. page 11 protein D. DNA Macro 2