University:
Winston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Course:
AP Biology
Academic year:

2015
Views:

220

Pages:

2
Author:

Carolyn Wall

Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary (Part 2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Traits: A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. Heredity: The passing of genes from parents to offspring: the genes are expressed in the traits of the offspring. Inheritance: receiving genetic qualities that are passed from parent to offspring. Genetics: The scientific study of heredity. Allele: A form of a gene for a specific trait. Offspring: The new organisms produced by one or two parent organisms. Punnett square: A chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed to offspring; used to predict all genotypes that are possible. Punnett square example using R to represent the alleles. 8. 9. 10. 11. Dominant: Describes the allele that determines the phenotype of an individual organism when two different copies are present in the genotype. Recessive: A term that describes an allele that in not expressed (masked or hidden) when combined with a dominant form of the gene. Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism: all the genes that an organism has. Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an organism. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.  Example: TT Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait.  Example: Tt Homozygous Dominant: Having two dominant alleles for a trait.  Example: TT Homozygous Recessive: Having two recessive alleles for a trait.  Example: tt Purebred: An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. Hybrid: An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait. Pedigree: A chart that shows family relationships, including two or more generations. Sample pedigree chart: