AP Human Geography: Religion and Belief Systems

AP Human Geography Term religion secularism monotheistic religion polytheistic religion animistic religion universalizing religion ethnic religion hinduism caste system buddhism shintoism feng shui confucianism Judaism diaspora zionism christianity roman catholic church eastern orthodox church protestant islam sunni shi'ite indigenous religions sacred sites hajj interfaith boundaries intrafaith boundaries Definition system of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities indifference to or rejection of religion belief in one god belief in many gods traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant a religion believed by its followers to have universal application to which followers actively seek converts a religion into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation; began around 2000 BCE and does not have a single founder; hearth in indus valley (present-day pakistan) social structure of south asian society dating to the indus civilization (2500-1800 BCE) where people are born into their place in society religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path; splintered from hinduism in the 6th century BCE; hearth in lumbini and sarnath (present-day nepal/india) religion located in japan and related to buddhism; focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities; structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi (life-breath) in favorable ways political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of the family and the government; developed in 6th to 5th centuries BCE; hearth in china and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Asian nature religion based on the belief in one god who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham; dates to 2000 BCE; hearth in present-day Israel. dispersal of people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force movement for the establishment of a national homeland for jews in the land between the mediterranean sea and the jordan river religion based on the belief that jesus was born as the son of god, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples' sins; developed out of Judaism in 1st century CE; hearth in bethlehem and jerusalem (present-day palestine/israel) one of the three major branches of christianity one of the three major branches of christianity one of the three major branches of christianity religion based on the belief in one god who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad; dates to 7th century CE; hearth in mecca and medina in present-day saudi arabia sect of islam that believes muhammad's successor did not need to be a blood relative of muhammad sect of islam that believes muhammad's successor needed to be a blood relative of muhammad; found commonly in and around iran belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group a place infused with religious or spiritual meaning muslim pilgrimage to mecca, the birthplace of muhammad boundaries between the world's major faiths boundaries between sects within a single major faith religious fundamentalism religious extremism jihad religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence commonly translated as "holy war"; represents either a person or collective struggle on the part of muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the qu'ran