AP Human Geography Unit 1: Maps, Spatial Concepts, and Patterns

AP HUG: Unit 1 vocab Term reference maps physical map political map thematic maps cartogram Choropleth map dot density map graduated symbols map (proportional symbols map) absolute distance relative distance absolute direction relative direction spatial pattern clustering dispersal elevation spatial scale map distortion map projection geographic data geospatial technologies GIS (Global Information System) satellite navigation systems remote sensing types of remote sensors uses of remote sensing online mapping and visualization Definition maps used to show landforms and/or places reference map that shows identifiable natural landmarks such as mountains, rivers, oceans, elevation, etc. reference map that shows political boundaries e.g. countries, cities, capitals, etc. maps used to display specific types by information(theme) pertaining to an area thematic map that show statistical data by transforming space e.g. population thematic map that uses shading or coloring to show statistical data e.g. population thematic map that uses dots to indicate a feature or occurrence e.g. population thematic map that indicates relative magnitude of some value for a geographic region in which the symbol varies in proportion to data e.g. population measurement using a standard unit of length e.g. mile, kilometer measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity e.g. USA and Iran vs USA and China finding a location using a compass direction e.g. north, south, east, west finding a location not using a compass direction e.g. left, right, forward, backward, up, down the way things are laid out and organized on the surface of Earth objects that form a group e.g. coastal population objects that are scattered e.g. rural population height above sea level hierarchy of spaces; analyzing data at a variety of scales- global, regional, national, and local e.g. location of French speakers: global: in the world regional: in North America national: in Canada local: in Quebec all maps are distorted as a result of projecting a 3-D surface onto a 2-D surface in area, distance, shape, and/or direction a way to transfer the 3-D earth onto a 2-D map to reduce distortion in area, distance, shape, and/or direction information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on earth (natural and constructed) technology that provides geographic data that is used for personal (navigation), business (marketing), and governmental (environmental planning) purposes 1. map created by a computer that can combine layers of spatial data 2. data is displayed and analyzed to gain insights into geographical patterns/relationships e.g. vulnerability of the Florida Aquifer, school boundaries, and crime rates system of satellites that provide geo-spatial positioning e.g. GPS collecting data with instruments that are distant from the area of study satellites, planes, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, buoys track storms, search from natural resources, military surveillance, monitor volcanoes, monitor deforestation/glacier melting compilation and publication of web sites that provide graphical and text information in the form of maps/visuals e.g. homicide statistics spatial information can also come from written accounts (not just technology) field observations, media reports, travel narratives, policy documents, personal interviews, landscape analysis, and photographic evidence census data systematically acquiring and recording information about members of a given population satellite imagery absolute location relative location space(geography) place pattern human-environmental interaction distance decay time-space compression time space convergence movement (geography) flow (geography) globalization network region regionalism formal region functional region perceptual/vernacular region regional boundaries regional analysis sustainability natural resources land use environmental determinism possibilism spatial scale images of earth collected by satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world describes the precise location of a place using Earth's Graticule (latitude and longitude) describes the location of a place relative to other human and physical features relational concept that acquires meaning and sense when related to other concepts e.g. geographers study phenomena across space describes an area on the surface of earth with distinguishing human and physical characteristics (place is space with meaning) e.g. Agra, India an arrangement of objects on earth, including the space in between those objects describes the ways human modify or adapt to the natural world e.g. bridges, dams, houses, roads the idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even though their distances are the same time space convergence term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations e.g. TV, internet, satellite communication describes the ways in which people, goods, and ideas, move from place to place movement in a steady steam e.g. migration the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture a system of interconnected people or things e.g. transportation, communication, financial, governmental describes and area on Earth marked by similarity in some way (a way to organize space) refers to a group's perceived identification with a particular region e.g. the South region marked by a shared trait (cultural, physical, etc.) e.g. The Keys, The Caribbean region marked by a particular set of activities that occur e.g. Southwest Airlines, newspaper region that exists as an idea e.g. the South, Kurdistan transitional and often contested and overlapping e.g. Kurdistan in Turkey and Northern Iraq analyzing regions at a variety of scales-global, national, and local e.g. Muslim population global: in the world national: in Turkey local: in Kurdistan meeting an increased demand for resources (energy, food, fuel) in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet their own needs something found in nature and is necessary or useful to humans e.g. forest, mineral deposit, water the function of land e.g. agricultural, commercial, residential, transportation, recreation theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment, especially the climate; the physical environment predisposes societies towards a particular development; human society development is controlled by the environment theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitation but people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions of a particular natural environment analyzing scales reveal variation/different interpretations of data e.g. fertility rate global: in the world (2.4) regional: in Sub-Saharan Africa (4.7) national: in Tunisia (2.1)