AP Human Geography - Migration and Movement

AP Human Geography Term Definition regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. a form of cyclic movement movement activity space places within the rounds of daily activity retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and snowbirds move to warm states for the winter a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually pastoralism find fresh water and green pastures migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and transhumance lowlands during winter months to graze spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the relocation diffusion idea or innovation with them movement of people from one country to another with a degree of international migration purposeful permanence or intent to stay emigrants a person who permanently moves out of their home country immigrants a person who permanently moves to a new country difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the net migration number of emigrants (those leaving a country) migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seed asylum in refugees another country money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in remittances cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries reverse remittances money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, guest workers and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural islands of development cities migrants are drawn purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a internal migration degree of permanence or intent to stay diaspora dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and assimilation adopts the customs of the dominant culture. can happen voluntarily or by force a form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual human trafficking labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade gulags forced labor or prison labor camps. most often associated with authoritarian countries distance decay decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and gravity model probability of migration (and other flows) between two places push factors circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country pull factors circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate intervening presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the opportunity attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away unauthorized or migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. undocumented unauthorized migrants can be those who enter the country legally, as authorized migrants migrants with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires. they can also enter a country with coyotes people who smuggle other people across the border for a sizable fee permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. for example, a chain migration group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the repatriation assistance of government or a non governmental organization migrants who claim the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home asylum seekers country internally displaced persons (IDPs) Bracero Program people who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries laws and agreements passed in the US and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the US to work in agriculture