University:
York University
Course:
BIOL 2020 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

17

Pages:

2
Author:

Nick T.

Disaccharides Lactose Commonly Called milk sugar "Hydrolysis (digestion) produces glucose & galactose Galactose is then converted to glucose in the body Inability to breakdown lactose results in lactose intolerance Sucrose: table sugar Glucose + Fructose with α, β Link "Both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycoside bond -glucose β -fructose α "No aldehyde or Ketone exists so this is a non-reducing sugar In Nature, additional functional groups are added to monosaccharides to increase the variety of Chemical actions that can occur *Most Common variations are Acetal & Amino Sugars Amino Sugars *Sometimes one hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced by an amine group (-NH2) *Substitution usually occurs on Carbon-2 *Amino sugars named for the monosaccharide plus the suffix "-amine" glucose → glucosamine *Amino Sugars have a positive charge at physiological pH *Positive charge can be removed by conversion of amine group to an amide *Usually an acetyl group is added *Amide not named for parent acid by Carbohydrates glucose → N-acetylglucosamine Antigen forign molecule Hepa has antibodies A B O universal daner Can only accept O AB Can accept every type The blood anticoagulant, leperin, is composed of Sugar acids aming Sugars modified with lulfonic acid esters Glycoproteins combo of carbs plus protein that are of cells present on the surface Function Also as receptors Comeleculer messengers or drugs ressons ble for blood tran