University:
York University
Course:
BIOL 2020 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

147

Pages:

4
Author:

Nick T.

Metabolism Session ID dutta 11 FOOD The ATP -> ADP hydrolysis reaction is exergonic ATP + H₂O -> ADP + Pi ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol ADP -> ATP phosphorylation reaction is endergonic ADP + Pi + H₂O -> ATP ΔG = +7.3 kcal/mol Non-Spontaneous endergonic reactions can occur by being coupled with a highly exergonic reaction. Two reactions paired together. One is endergonic, one is exergonic The energy released by the exergonic reaction powers the endergonic one Exergonic must release MORE energy than endergonic absorbs ATP hydrolysis (exergenic) is often coupled with non spontaneous (endergonic) reactions Electron Transport The Electron-transport Chain • The series of biochemical reactions that pass electrons from reduced coenzymes to oxygen Coupled to ATP formation by ATP Synthase enyzme - Oxidative Phosphorylation • Starting materials: Electrons (carried by NADH and FADH) Molecular oxygen (O2) from the air we breathe Products: Recycled NAD and FAD for reuse in Citric Acid Cycle Water (H₂O) Purpose: Use energy from moving electroris to pump Hions Recycle NADH and FADH, back to NAD" and FAD 'each time electrons are transferred, energy is released CoQ travels through membrana to transfer electrons to Camiss in Comples Pumpa lone electrons then transferred to Cytochrome C which maves Carries Co through the membrane to transfer @lectrons to Comple Combines electrons with the il we bre and the water Electron Carriers within Complex I accept electrons from NADH NADH passes off electrons, turns in to NAD electrons transfered to Coenzyme Q (Co) Transfer releases energy Complex I uses the energy to Hiana across membrane pump Electron Carries within Complex I from FADW accept electrens FADH pares of electrons, turns inte FAD "Elbotame then transfered to CoQ "No H transferred Electron Carriers CoQ Switches from oxidized to electrons follow the H atoms reduced form Oxidative Phosphorylation the synthesis of ATP from ADD using energy released electron transport chain in the CyC Fe lons cycle between Fe? F Different changes means diff # of electrons ATP Synthes the enzyme complex in the inner mito chondrial membrane of which hydrogen Cross is synthesized from ADP. The of ADP the membrane ATP energy drives the phosphorylation Energy is used up to pump H ions Hions are high concentration pumped from low Coccanfmion. to La Concentration of H in matris High Concentration of Hin internembrane Space product of Citric Acid Cycle 3 NADH 1 FADH each NADH ЗАТР each FAPH 2ATP Creates difference in potential energy not favorable Oxygen By Products Reactive Oxygen Specting (ROS) Antioxidants Highly reactive anygen Compounds Vitamin E patects membranes Generated by immune Surveillance cell VC protects toud Components Also made by electron transport Glutathione regenerates vitamin C Chain (can damage Celt membranes) Environmental conditions can also increase BOS Production High Ox pressure Smoke Radiation Two ROS are Fras-cationis Compounds that contain single unpaired electron Free radicals will take electron from o nearby molecule and break awalent bands Dangerous bre it wiя се