University:
York University
Course:
BIOL 2020 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

109

Pages:

2
Author:

Nick T.

Alcohol + Phenol Alcohols are produced by hydration, the addition of water to a double bond C=C - H₂O → C-C-OH alkene alcohol CH₃CH₂OH CH₃CH₂H₂O Ethanol Alcohols can also be produced by the addition of hydrogen to the carbon oxygen double bond of an aldehyde or ketone HO Cyclohexanol C CCC CH₂CH₂H₂O Dehydration: a reaction where water is chemically removed from a compound intramolecular dehydration H OH H C-C → C=C + H₂O Opposite of Mav's Rule Alcohol + Phenol La Chatelier's Principle Dehydration H₂C-OH + HO-CH₂ → H₂C-O-CH₂ + H₂O Intermolecular Dehydration Condensation reaction: two molecules combine forming one large molecule + liberating a small one like water Alcohols Weak acid Aqueous Solutions = neutral Alkoxide ion = strong base Oxidation Reduction Oxidized: loss of electron, loss of hydrogen, gain oxygen Reduced: gain of electron, gain of hydrogen, loss oxygen Oxidizing agent: Substance that helps to oxidize General oxidizing agents [O] Mild oxidizing Conditions: lose 2 hydrogens make a carbonyl group Primary (1°) alcohols → aldehydes → carboxylic acids R-CH₂-OH → R-C=O → R-COOH Secondary (2°) alcohols → ketones → no reaction R-CH-OH → R-C=O Tertiary (3°) alcohol → no reaction R₃C-OH