University:
York University
Course:
BIOL 2020 | Biochemistry
Academic year:

2023
Views:

463

Pages:

4
Author:

Nick T.

Glucose Metabolism Three molecules that are central in glucose metabolism "Glucose-6-phosphate Pyruvate Acetyl CoA They occur at branch points in metabolic pathways When glucose enters Glucose 6-phosphale a call it is immediately Converted to Involved in 5 different pathways requires ATP Gip CalConversion of gloesse to piruvate Gletaya-exis Spotlesis of glycogen from glucose Step phosphate added to 06 PC breakdown of glyragen to glucose a phospho ester is formed Synthesis of gheese from nemcarbs "Pontere phonate Conversion of glucose to 5. carbon sugar phosphates An addition of phosphate traps glucose inside Cross the Cell byc cell membrane charged phosphates cannot Glycolysis when a Cell needs energy, glucose-6- phosphate pathway sent through to make pyruvate the glycolysis Pyruvate which enters ther converted to destyl CoA Citric Acid Cyele Title: Glucose Metabolism Subtitle: Given glucose Glycogen such glucose Glycolysis Cotalyzes glucose Purpose: Oxidize glucose to obtain energy Make ATP substrate-level phosphorylation Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway Does not require oxygen Only pathway that can make ATP without O2 Regulation of Glycolysis Regulated by sensing energy needs of a cell An enzyme is allosterically inhibited by ATP & citrate and activated by AMP Fate of Pyruvate Dependent on metabolic conditions inside cell Oxidation to Acetyl CoA -> Citric Acid Cycle Reduction to Lactate (lactic acid) Starting materials: Glucose 2 ATP 2 NAD Products: 2 pyruvate 4 ATP 2 NADH Fate of Pyruvate under Different Metabolic Conditions: Insufficient Oxygen: Pyruvate is converted to Lactate Sufficient Oxygen: Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA and enters the Citric Acid Cycle Glucose Metabolism 2) acetyl-CoA Energy yield from COMPLETE catabolism of glu Steps in Glumc Catabolism Net Energy Molecules Produced Ather Flectron sampot (1 NADH-JATP FADH2 ATP Glycolysis (1 glucose to 2 pyruv Orxidation of 1 pyruvates 10 2 Acetyl-CoA 2 eycles of Citric Acid Cyole (2 Acetyl-CoA) NADH ZATP FATT SAIF TOTAL ATP peeda v GLUCOSE MATT THE 32-56 When the body has enough ATP ch Glucose-6-phosphate is stored as glycogen through Glytogenesis glycogen Dynthesis occurs when blood glucose Concentrations are Glucose 6-phosphate is first isomerized glucose 1 phosphate addition of phosphate to C1 activates that carbon, making it ready to react Glycogmolysis the pathway for breakdown of glycogen to free glucose Occurs in Iver when bloed gaseseis in muscle cells when there is an immediate ned fer energy Glucose Metabolism Glucaneugenesis "Creation of new glucose Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules "Occurs in Glucose glycolysis during times of very high demand for glucose. Synthesized from Per by the reverse of 2 pynwate glusate Gly Candoganeta is expensive Cast 6 ATP per glucose Cells only Synthesize glucose in emergencies Gluconeogenesis the Car Cycle During exercise, body does not have sufficient oxygen ETC Cannot accur without axyg in the muscles Gluconeogenesis Occurs in liver to produce glucose Glucose travels to muscle Cells where it undergofs glycolysis to produce Some ATP Lactate fermentation also accurs NAD is ready for glycolysis Cori Cycle removes Laciate from muscle bells to prevene shutdown of Lactate mention Provides extra Continued muscle glucose for Cell activity