ARRT Practice Questions: A Concise Guide

ARRT Practice Questions What radiographic procedure must you use sterile gloves for touching items on the tray? Myelogram Written defamation of character is known as? Libel Which drug would you administer when a patient develops urticaria? Antihistamine What is another name for hives? Urticaria Hive A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. Or Urticaria Transmission of an infection by insects such as a tick or mosquito is known as a? Vector When an object is free of all microorganisms it is termed? Sterile Why is the IV bag 18 to 20 inches above the level of the vein? To prevent the backflow of blood into the tubing which forms a clot and obstructs the flow of the IV fluid An inanimate object that is been in contact with an infectious organism is a? Fomite a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. Contraindication The main advantage of using non-ionic water-soluble contrast media on the patient would be? Fewer adverse reactions What type of radiographic procedure requires an intrathecal injection? Myelogram ______ is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal intrathecal Which gauge size has the biggest lumen? The smallest number gauge has the biggest lumen If the CR is angled 40° Cephalic what projection of the calcareous so calcis are you taking? Plantodorsal Projection In the thoracic cavity each lung is enclosed in a? Pleura Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the long arch? Lateralmedial erect or weight-bearing In the AP axial projection Townes of the skull with the CR directed 30° caudal to the OML and passing midway between the EAM which structures best demonstrated? Occipital Bone not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans. objects like stones inanimate showing no sign of life; lifeless. An imaging examination that involves the introduction of a spinal needle into the spinal canal and the injection of contrast material in the space around the spinal cord and nerve roots (the subarachnoid space) using a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy. Myelogram The best way to control voluntary motion is? Careful explanation of the procedure to the patient What is demonstrated on the oblique position of the cervical spine? Intervertebral foramina In relation to the Esophagus the trachea is located where? The trachea is anterior in relation to the esophagus RPO Which position will demonstrate the right axillary ribs? Or LAO 1 / 11 The manubrial notch is located at the level of? T2-t3 interspace Which projection of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibio fibular joint? Medial oblique 45° What is the position of the gallbladder in a Asthenic patient? Inferior and medial The true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles? Interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR MSP parallel to the IR IOML parallel to the IR During myelography a contrast medium is injected into which space? Subarachnoid space Which position of the elbow will separate the radial head neck and tuberosity from the superimposition of the ulna? Lateral or external oblique With the patient in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR where will the Petrous pyramids be demonstrated within the orbits? Completely within the orbits The sternoclavicular joint is best demonstrated with the patient PA A slightly oblique position with the affected side adjacent to the IR. and ? RAO What position will demonstrate the patients left kidney parallel to the IR and the right kidney perpendicular to the IR? 30 degrees RPO or LAO Which position will demonstrate the lumbar intervertebral foramina? Lateral RPO (right) Which position will demonstrate the apophyseal joints closest to the IR? LPO (left) How should a patient be examined for separation of the AC joint? Erect position with use of weights to improve demonstration of both joints The coronoid process can be visualized in profile in what position of the elbow? Both medial and internal AP oblique If the lesser tubercle is in profile for the AP shoulder joint the humorus is in which rotation? Internal If the greater tubercle is in profile then the humorous is in which rotation? External What type of fracture is it called when a bone is driven into another bone? Impacted No grid 1 (Times mAs by...) 5:1 2 (Times mAs by...) 6:1 3 4 8:1 Most commonly used 12:1 5 16:1 6 Density Maintenance Formula mAs1 = D1 squared mAs2 D2 squared Inverse square law I1= D2 squared I2 D1 squared What is the establish fetal does limit guideline for pregnant radiograph's during the entire gestation period? 2 / 11 0.5 rem 5 mSv 500mrem What should you use if you have to restrain a child or infant in order to perform a procedure? Restraining them with the use of a mechanical device if you cannot use a mechanical device have the patients father hold the child 5 rem According to the NCRP the annual occupational full body does equipment limit is? 50 mSv 5000mrem How will the x-ray photons intensity be affected if the SID is doubled? The intensity of the beam will decrease four times this is known as the inverse square law If the patient received 2000 MRAD during a 10 minute fluoro exam how much exposure will the patient recieve in five-minutes? 1000 Mrad which is half of what they received in 10 minutes The photo electric effect is an interaction between x-ray photons and... And inner shell electron Wear one dosimeter badge outside the lead apron at the collar What is recommended for the pregnant radiographer to use as far level and one dosimeter badge inside the lead apron at the level as the dosimeter badge? of the waist so A total of two badges are worn and these badges position should never be interchanged Spontaneous abortion will occur if 25 rad were to be delivered to fetus during the second through the 10th week What is likely to occur if 25 Rad is delivered to fetus in early pregnancy? skeletal abnormalities may appear How does filtration affect the primary beam? It increases the average energy of the primary beam by filtering out the low-energy photons The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the? REM (seivert) The unit of absorbed dose is? Rad (gray) Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which condition? Oxygenated The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is termed? Attenuation The largest amount of diagnostic x-ray absorption occurs in which tissue? Bone since it is the most dense tissue The effects of radiation on biological material are dependent on The effect will be less than if it were delivered all at one time for a several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over short period of time a long period of time the fact will be? What interaction contributes most to occupational exposure? Compton Scatter What factors affect both the quality and the quantity of the primary been? Half value layer (hvl) KV The unit of exposure in air is? Roentgen (C/kg) How often should lead aprons and lead gloves be check for cracks? Annually or once a year by the fluoroscope Which radiation monitors function on the basis of stimulated luminescence? 0SL and TLD What is the single most important scattering object in both radiography in Fluoroscopy? The patient A group of exposure factors are given which one will deliver the Highest KVp with lowest mass will give the least or safest amount least amount of exposure? The purpose of filters in a film badge is? To measure radiation quality Compton scatter occurs when a high-energy incident electron ejects what? An outer shell electron 3 / 11 When a fast screen film system is used with the slow screen film automatic system the resulting images are? Too dark or overexposed A change to 3 phase and 6 pulse = ____ (original mAs) 2/3 A change to 3 phase and 12 pulse = ____ (original mAs) 1/2 What does a penetimeter evaluate? Penumbra Edge blur Penumbra Field of view (FoV)/ matrix = Pixel Size As matrix size increases pixel size Decreases mAs controls Density KVP controls Contrast Changing image brightness Windowing Contrast Scale A star pattern tests what? Focal spot size In three phase equipment half of the expected arc is a sign of? Rectifier failure For three-phase equipment a synchronous spinning top test is used to check? Rectifier function and test timer accuracy In a three phase equipment full-wave rectified current should have a____degree arc per second 360 A gentle curve usually has___speed,____contrast, and___latitude. Slow Low Wide Hypovolemic Shock caused by lack of blood The conversion of the latent image into a manifested image takes place in the? Developer Decreasing film size from 14 x 17 to 8 x 10" will do what? Decrease radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter A group of exposure factors are given consisting of MA and time. Which will produce the greatest radiographic density? Multiply all factors the highest mas will produce the highest density High mass equals high ______ Density The process of leveling and windowing of digital images determines? Contrast adjusting the level adjusts the optical density and adjusting the window adjust the contrast Exposure factors are given of KVP and mas using a non-grid exposure. How much mass would you be used if you use the 8 to 1 grid? The grid conversion factor of the 8 to 1 is four so you would multiply your mass using a non-grid exposure by four Unopened boxes of radiographic film should be stored away from radiation and... In the vertical position or on the end To be suitable for use in intensifying screen a phosphor should have what characteristic? High conversion efficiency, High x-ray absorption and a high atomic number The purpose of the automatic processors circulation system is too? Agitate, mix and filter solutions The height of the lead strips divided by the width of the interspace material is defined as? Grid ratio When going from a lower kVP to a higher kvp what will happen? You will have greater exposure latitude produce a longer scale of contrast and produce more scatter Misalignment of the tube part IR relationship results in? Shape distortion elongation occurs from angling of the tube Foreshortening occurs from angling of the part 4 / 11 SID is directly proportional What has an effect on recorded detail? Increasing SID will decrease magnification and increase recorded detail. Increase magnification A decrease in SID will do what to magnification? Do what to recorded detail? Decrease recorded detail Decrease Increasing SID will______magnification and_____recorded detail. Increase A smaller focal spot size will____recorded detail since the focal spot blur is smaller? Increase A larger focal spot size will____recorded details since greater blur is produced Decrease Density (brightness) is controlled by 1. The number of the exit (remnant) rays sticking the IR 1. 2. Window leveling 2. What controls the number of electrons passing from the cathode to the anode an x-ray tube? Mas What controls the quantity of the x-rays produced at the anode? Mas Quantity Mas Quality Kvp What controls the amount of radiation exiting the x-ray tube? Mas As mas is increased density is____in the same amount Increased As mas is decreased density_____in the same amount Decreases What directly controls the energy or quality of the x-rays produced? Kvp As KVP _____, a greater potential difference exists between the cathode in the anode Increases As the_____ __________increases, the electrons from the cathode strike the anode in greater numbers and with greater energy Potential difference As a Kvp increases a greater potential difference excists which results in an increase level of production of___wavelength and high-energy radiation Short KVP's affect on density is governed by what? 15% rule A increases in KVp of 15% ___ density Doubles A decrease in KVp by 15% _____ density 1/2s Intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor Inverse square law Roentgens Intensity is measured in Or coulombs/kilogram (SI) Radiographic density is a function of what? Beam intensity Beam intensity is governed by the? Inverse square law The inverse square law describes changes in____ ______ 5 / 11 Beam intensity (and radiographic density which is a function of being intensity) If the SID is doubled intensity (density).... Decreases four times If distance is halved, intensity (density) ... Increase four times Variations in intensity is the result of the____of the x-ray beam as it travels through space Divergence Different atomic number Isotones Same numbers of neutrons Same element Same atomic number Isotope Different mass Different atomic number Isobar Same mass During the first part of the first term of a pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? Skeletal During the second part of the first term of pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? Neurologic General diagnostic exams deliver a fetal dose less than ___-__ RAD 1-2 Late effects Malignancy Leukemia Genetic effects Stochastic effects Stochastic effects have a ______, _______ Dose- response curve Linear, non-threshold Max leakage radiation 100 Mr/h at 1m As OFD increases Resolution Quality Decreases As FFS increases Resolution Quality Decreases A proportional increase in SID and OiD No change in resolution Higher sampling frequencies Aliasing artifacts are more obvious Lower sampling frequencies aliasing artifacts... .. are less obvious Aliasing artifact Moire effect Occurs when using stationary grids When SID is increased the recorded detail is? Increased Best recorded detail when using a ______ SID Long There is a _____ relationship between recorded detail and SID Direct A image plate front material Carbon fiber Alumunium Interspace materials of a grid Plastic fiber As matrix size increases pixel size ______ Decreases 6 / 11 Pixel size is ________ related to resolution Inversely Dynamic range = Pixel depth/ shades of gray More bits = ____ shades of gray More Pix depth is _____ to resolution Unrelated smaller pixels A increase in matrix size results in..... Improved resolution What does aluminum filtration remove? Low-energy photons A decrease in the number of photons= A decrease in beam intensity If low energy photons are removed the average energy of the beam is... Increased True or False Even with filtration the max energy of the beam remains unchanged unless KV is changed True Pus in the thoracic cavity Empyema Over distentions of air in the alveoli Emphysema Talipes Congential Clubfoot Deformed talus shortened Achilles' tendon In which view is the OML at a 37° angle? Waters In which view are the petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses? Waters When are the petrous ridges below the orbits? Caldwell at 30 degrees caudad When are the petrous ridges in the bottom one thirds of the orbits? PA caldwell 15 degrees caudad When do the petrous ridges fill the orbits? PA view Where is the degree difference of the OML and the IOML for a baby or small child? 14 degrees What is the degree difference between the OML and IOML for an adult? 7 degrees Glossitis Inflammation of the tongue 1 sec 1000ms Smallest carpal Pisiform Most palpable carpal Pisiform In which position is the pisiform free from superimposition? AP medial oblique Coracoid Processes of the scapula? Acromion Elimination of all living microorganisms Sterilization The frontal sinuses and ethmoidal are best used in the... Pa axial caldwell The sphenoid sinus is best viewed in the... Open mouth waters The maxillary sinuses are best viewed in the .... Waters In which view is the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process projected through the Foramina Magnum? Townes CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as PSP..... Crystal size decreases CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as ... Matrix size increases In electronic imaging brightness/density changes with changes in... Window level 7 / 11 In electronic imaging contrast changes with changes in... Window width Electronic imaging there is a___dynamic range Wide In electronic Imaging there is a greater... Exposure latitude In electronic imaging mas and KV do not regulate .... density/brightness and contrast In electronic imaging IP's are very... Sensitive to fog When a CR artifact appears such as image fading what is the cause? Delay in processing When a CR artifacts such as fog appears what is the cause? Exposure to scattered radiation Brighter When a large field of view is used the image is___and requires___exposure Less Less When a small field of view is used that image is___bright and requires___exposure More CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as laser... Beam size decreases A grid results in ....... 1 2 3 Less scatter fog Fewer gray tones Increase in contrast Beam restriction = A decrease in Compton interations Contrast decreases as filtration ____ Increases Anatomy/pathology = ________ ______ Subject contrast What controls contrast ? Atomic number Tissue density Tissue thickness Contrast agents Atomic number effects on contrast Increase in atomic number = increase in contrast Tissue density and thickness effects on contrasts Increase in tissue density or thickness = decrease in contrast Contrast agents equal a..... Increase in contrast Increase in contrast = Fewer gray tones Short scale contrast Low KVp Decrease in contrast = Many shades of gray Long scale contrast Increase in KVp Controls X-ray beam energy Kvp Grids increase ____ Contrast Beam restriction increases ____ Contrast Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the cardiac sphincter Hiatal Hernia When the Tube is directed 15degrees caudal the petrous pyramids will fill.... The bottom 1/3rd of the orbits apical which is at the apex of the heart Where is the most accurate spot to find a pulse? Found with a stethoscope Where is the most common place to find a pulse? Radial pulse Bradycardia Slow heart rate Tachycardia Rapid heart rate 8 / 11 Chonr- Cartilge Thyroid Skin Extremities Occupational Dose Equivalent Limit 50 Rem 500 mSv 5000 mRem 5000mRem 50 Rem = _______ mRem and mSv 500 mSv Occupational dose equivalent for the lens of the eye? 150 mSv Occupational dose equivalent for the pregnant women's fetus/embryo? 5 mSv A higher ratio grid = ______ grays Fewer 5 Rem Whole body occupational dose equivalent ? 50 mSv Percentage of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall Use factor Dilation of the esophagus Achalasia The cardiac sphincters failure to relax and allow food to pass A low energy x-Ray photon uses all of its energy to eject an inner-shell electron Photoelectric effect Loss of brightness = _____ FOV Decreased RAD Radiation absorbed dose Unit of exposure Roentgen measures quantity of ionization in the air Dose to the biological tissue rem Rate at which particulate or photon energy is transferred to the absorber LET Measures quality of radiation LET Hair losss Epilation Tissue without O2 Anoxic Tissue with little o2 Hypoxic Intensity = Quantity The thicker portion should be under the ______ Cathode side The upper part of the lateral T spine should be under what? The cathode side Large IR with a short SID When is the anode heal effect more pronounced? Because the anode has a steep target angle A high S number Underexposure A high Ei number Overexposure Strep throat is a____ Bacteria Most of the primary beam is made up of_____ brems Radiation An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy Brems radiation production High atomic An x-ray to the inner target needs to have a____ ______ number and a____ ______ point High melting 9 / 11 True or false the cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages True High scale contrast = Short scale contrast CRs use ____ while DRs do not IPs The term_____is used to describe how much of the patient is included in the matrix FOV What permits the flow of current in only One Direction? A rectifier Interaction with low energy photons Compton scatter Which is the source of most scattered radiation? Patient When is more high energy photons produced? High kvp Quantity MA 50 rem = _____ msv 500 The punch/penetrability Kvp High mAs High ____ number of photons produced ....is unrelated to photon energy ____ mas _____ kVP Low mAs Keeps radiation dose to a minimum high kvp Tube life is extended LET Linear Energy Transfer The rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to the soft tissue LET Leakage radiation is a form of ________ radiation Secondary Secondary The _________ radiation barrier has a _____ inch lead wall above _____feet. 1/32 7 True or false True Secondary barriers should never be struck by the useful beam True or false True Primary barriers can be struck by the primary beam Primary protective barriers are ______ feet tall and should have _____inch thick lead The dose to the lens is significantly reduced if a skull is shot ____ 7 1/16 (1.5mm) PA 50 mSV NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit 5rem 5000mrem NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit for a student under the age of 18 1mSV 100mrem. 0.1rem NCRP 150 mSV 15 rem Lens of eye limit 500 mSV. 50 rem 10 / 11 NCRP Thyroid, skin and extremities limit ______ ______ describes the % of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall Use Factor No greater than 0.5 mSV/1 month Total gestational dose-equivalent limit Embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer 5 mSV 500 mrem Hair loss Epilation If the line begins at zero, there is ______ ______ No threshold Redding of irradiated skin area Erythema Number of X-ray exposures made per week Workload Immediate Radiation Reading Device Pocket Dosimeter/pocket ionization chamber What is the minimum lead amount for the fluoro drape? 0.25 mmPb Atoms of the same element but different mass number Isotopes Same atomic number and mass number Isomers Milliamperage is directly proportional to X-ray _______ Intensity Isotones Same neutron amount but different atomic number 11 / 11