Blood Composition: Red, White, and Platelets

BLOOD Essential Question: How does blood maintain homeostasis? Describe Ian’s symptoms: ___________________________________ What might be some causes of a swollen abdomen? ____________________ 2) What is splenomegaly? _____________________________ What might cause an enlarged spleen? ____________________________ 3) What are the functions of the spleen? __________________________________ Sketch and label the arteries that supply blood to the spleen 4) Results of the blood test... Shape of blood cells =____________________________ Number of red blood cells =____________________________ Number of white blood cells = ____________________________ Color of red blood cells = ____________________________ What is hypochromia? ____________________________ 5) What is Ian's diagnosis? ___________________________________________ Based on the Punnett square, what is the chance of Ian's parents having a child with the disorder? _____ 6) Blood and Blood Cells Blood is a type of ____________________________ tissue What are the two components: _______________ 45% _____________________ 55% 7) What is hematocrit? _________________________________________ Would Ian have a normal hematocrit (why or why not?) 8) Three types of Blood Cells Erythrocytes = __________________ Leukocytes = __________________ Thrombocytes = __________________ How does the shape of the blood differ in those with beta thalassemia? __________________________________ sickle cell versus beta thalassemia? __________________________________ 9) RED BLOOD CELLS (erythrocytes) What protein makes blood cells? _______________________ How many are found in a cubic millimeter? ________________ What cell structure is missing from blood cells? __________________ What would happen if a person has a low amount of iron in their diet? ____________________ 10) In addition to hypochromia, how do red blood cells differ in those with beta thalassemia? If RBC's dont normally have a nucleus, how do forensic scientists get DNA from blood samples? 11) What is hematopoiesis? Where does it occur? ___________________________________ Compare the genetic codes of normal DNA to that of Beta thalassemia. What is different? 12) What disorder (similar to beta thalassemia) causes blood to be abnormally shaped? __________________ 13) What hormone causes the production of rbcs? _____________________________________ Do you think someone with beta thalassemia would be treated with EPO? Why or why not? Athletes sometimes train at high altitudes to increase EPO. What effect would that have on their performance? 14) Oxygen Levels Oxyhemoglobin = _______________________ Deoxyhemoglobin = ____________________ Blood returns to the heart through ______________, leaves the heart through _________________ Veins and arteries meet at _______________________________ 15) What color is blood that is drawn from an artery? _____________________________ 16) Explain why blood looks blue when it's seen through your skin? (Hank's video) 17) What causes sickle cell disease? 18) What are the symptoms of the disease? Essential question: How does blood maintain homeostasis? WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) 1) What were Isla-Mae’s symptoms? ____________________________________ What did Isla’s blood sample show? _____________________________________ What was Isla-Mae diagnosed with? _____________________________________ 2) List several ways leukemia disrupts body systems: 3) What are the two groups of white blood cells? _______________________________ Compare the size of white blood cells to red blood cells: _______________________________ Why is the percentage of each type of wbc important to doctors? __________________________ 4) Complete the table with the function/role of each type of WBC Neutrophils Granulocytes (granular Eosinophils cytoplasm) Basophils Agranulocyte s (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytes Lymphocytes 5) What is the Epstein Barr Virus commonly known as? 6) How do you get AIDS? What is the difference between AIDS and HIV? What is an opportunistic infection? 7) What are the three phases of leukemia treatment? How does chemotherapy work? Why does it cause side effects? What is the survival rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia? PLATELETS (thrombocytes) - help initiate formation of blood clots, close breaks in damaged blood vessels Blood Plasma (water + proteins) - the liquid portion of the blood, 92% water - transport nutrients, gasses, vitamins, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and pH Plasma Proteins 1. Albumins 2. Globulins 3. Fibrinogen How is multiple myeloma cancer different from acute lymphoblastic leukemia? Hemostasis - process of stopping bleeding. - Involves coagulation and the clotting of blood to seal site of damage - Describe how to apply a tourniquet (Video or Demonstration) Key Events: 1. Blood vessel spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulation Thrombus Embolus Pulmonary embolism Vitamin K - Why are newborns given Vitamin K injections? What is hemophilia and how is it inherited? *If a woman is a carrier for hemophilia, what is the chance of having a child with the disease? Blood Donations - How much blood is taken? - How is this blood used? Practice Blood Feedback Loop In order to maintain homeostasis, the body must maintain a consistent supply of oxygen. The hormone erythropoietin, which is released from the kidneys, will stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. This has the effect of raising blood oxygen levels. 1. What activities might cause oxygen levels to drop? _______________________________________ 2. Does this model represent positive or negative feedback? ________________________________ 3. What would happen if the kidneys could not produce EPO? _______________________________ 4. Explain how the body regulates the amount or red blood cells using terms from the diagram. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What effect would injections of EPO have on a person? __________________________________ BLOOD CROSSWORD Name _________________________________________ ACROSS 2. binds to oxygen 5. red blood cells 8. percentage of blood cells and plasma in sample 10. wbc that attacks parasites 12. where new blood cells are created 14. shape of a red blood cell 15. clumping of blood cells from an immune response 17. queen thought to be original carrier of hemophilia 18. abnormal blood clot 21. plasma protein that is converted to fibrin 22. Abnormally shaped blood cells; ____ cell disease 23. white blood cells 24. wbc's that produce antibodies DOWN 1. causes vasospasm 2. "bleeder's disease" 3. low red blood cell count 4. cancer of the blood 6. thrombocytes (common word) 7. clear, liquid portion of blood 9. cell that "eats" other cells 11. attaches to antigens 13. the process where bleeding is stopped 16. cell surface markers 19. adjective that means “covered in blood” 20. organ that breaks down old, worn out blood Blood Concept Map Name:________________________________ proteins histamines albumin thrombocytes antibodies lymphocytes cells leukocytes eosinophils oxygen water hematopoiesis white blood cells neutrophils nucleus erythrocytes parasites fibrinogen platelets hemostasis hemoglobin Name:__________________________________________________________ Date:______ Investigation: Hematocrit A hematocrit test measures the proportion of red blood cells in a sample of blood. The normal percentage is 42-54% for males, and 38-46% for females. To determine the percentage, a sample of blood is placed in a capillary tube and then centrifuged. This causes the red blood cells to separate and sink to the bottom. In labs, the hematocrit is measured by a machine that determines a variety of tests, called a CBC, Complete Blood Count. For each patient sample shown, use a ruler to measure the total volume in millimeters, the RBC volume and then calculate the hematocrit. Patient 1 RBC Total Volume Hematocrit (%) Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4