SPI Practice Guide: ARDMS A & B

SPI Practice (ARDMS A & B) C What is dynamic aperture? A.aperture that varies with transmit frequency B.aperture that decreases as a function of time C.aperture that increases with increasing focal length D.aperture that changes as a function of frame rate A to which acoustic variable is penetration depth inversely related? A.frequency B.wavelength C.period D.propagation speed B which imaging mode requires a broadband transducer? A.continuous wave doppler B.Pulsed wave doppler C.color flow imaging D.harmonic imaging B what is the doppler shift frequency? A.recieved ultrasound frequency multiplied by the transmitted ultrasound frequency B.difference between the transmitted ultrasound frequency and the received ultrasound frequency C.sum of the transmitted and received ultrasound frequencies D.ratio of the transmitted ultrasound frequency to the received ultrasound frequency A what is the potential effect of increasing the pulse repetition frequency(PRF)? A.Depth ambiguity B.Decreased frame rate C.Poor spatial resolution D.Decreased penetration B what is an advantage of using pulsed wave doppler compared to continuous wave doppler? A.higher echo sensitivity B.ability to select sample depth C.decreased display of aliasing D.improved temporal resolution D what affects the beam width in the near field? A.Pulse repetition frequency B.Pulse duration C.Frame rate D.Transducer aperture D what is the advantage of using pulsed-wave doppler versus continuous-wave doppler? A.allows measurement of higher velocities B.increases range ambiguity C.reduces the potential for aliasing D.provides depth specificity D which parameter is target group C evaluating based on the image? A.dead zone B.dynamic range C.axial resolution D.Horizontal distance accuracy 1 / 10 In this image, which target group is used to evaluate dead zone? A C which ultrasound parameter directly affects an ultrasound beam's intensity? A.TGC B.operating frequency C.Output power D.Frame rate D the center frequency of a transducer depends primarily upon which characteristics of the crystal? A.width B.length C.spacing D.thickness C which factor limits image frame rate? A.transducer operating frequency B.Sample volume size C.Speed of sound in tissue D.Spatial pulse length A when using a 5MHZ transducer, in which tissue is the ultrasound wavelength shortest? A.fat B.blood C.bone D.muscle D which term describes the averaging together of scan lines from multiple angles to create one image? A.harmonic imaging B.realtime three dimensional imaging C.elastography D.spatial compounding A which variable can cause an acoustic shadow artifact? A.small acoustic impedance mismatch B.refraction C.perpendicular incidence D.low attenuation B what does coded excitation improve in addition to penetration? A.lateral resolution B.signal-to-noise ratio C.frame rate D.dynamic range 2 / 10 A how is lateral resolution determined for a pulsed-echo system using a tissue-mimicking test object? A.by observing spaces between reflectors perpendicular to the beam B.by observing spaces between reflectors along the beam path C.by observing position of deepest visible reflector along the beam path D.by observing position of deepest visible reflector perpendicular to the beam path which variable caused the color change from blue to red of the vessel in this image? A.change in vessel direction B.color scale set to low C.turbulent flow D.severe stenosis A which artifact is indicated by the arrows in this image? A.shadow produced by the diaphragm B.acoustic enhancement C.comet tail D.mirror image C D which control improves the effects of attenuation? A.dynamic range B.pulse inversion C.multiple focal zones D.time gain compensation A which doppler angle to flow results in the greatest absolute doppler shift? A.0 degrees B.15 degrees C.45 degrees D.60 degrees A what term describes blood flow changes in response to respiration? A.phasic B.parabolic C.spontaneous D.pulsatile B an increase in which parameter will improve the accuracy of velocity measurements with autocorrelation? A.color field of view B.packet size C.wall filtering D.transmitted frequency 3 / 10 which harmonic imaging, how does echo frequency relate to transmitted frequency? A.half the transmitted frequency B.equal to the transmitted frequency C.twice the transmitted frequency D.four times the transmitted frequency C Which change would minimize the artifact observed in this image, assuming the pulse repetition frequency is at its maximum limit? A.adjust the sweep speed B.adjust the baseline C.increasing dynamic range D.increasing the transmitted frequency B D which parameter is most likely to affect spatial resolution? A.dynamic range B.beam width C.system sensitivity D.depth of visualization B which imaging modality can provide the most accurate measurement of tumor volume? A.color doppler B.B-mode C.A-mode D.M-mode A according to ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) guidelines, which parameter should be minimized? A.transmit power B.frequency C.time gain compensation D.overall gain D what is an advantage of using pulsed-wave doppler versus continuous wave doppler? A.allows measurement of higher velocities B.increases range ambigutiy C.reduces the potential for aliasing D.provides depth specificity What is demonstrated in this image produced by a linear array transducer placed on a uniform tissue-mimicking phantom? A. Time gain compensation not set properly. B. System has low dynamic range. C. Transducer crystals are damaged. D. Focus control is malfunctioning. C 3cm what is the distance to the interface if the round trip time for a sound wave is 39 microseconds? 4 / 10 low frequency, low amplitude which signals are eliminated by the wall filter in a spectral Doppler display? two images demonstrating the same pathology from different scan planes at minimum, what is required when documenting a pathology discovered during an examination? Increased by 2 times If the diameter of the sound beam is halved by focusing, what happens to the intensity A Which parameter would change on a phantom test if the spatial pulse length were made longer? A. axial resolution B. lateral resolution C. horizontal distance resignation D. sensitivity B If the ultrasound machine comes in contact with a patients body fluids, what should be done? A. remove the machine from use for the day B. use an approved disinfectant solution to clean it C. call the manufacturer to see what they would do B Which parameter is most related to cavitation tissue? A. energy B. pressure C. duty factor D. pulse repetition frequency B Which interface will cause the maximum reflection of the incident sound beam? A. fat/muscle B. soft tissue/bone C. fat/soft tissue D. soft tissue/lung D Acoustic enhancement occurs distal to what? A. calcifications B. near field interface C. highly reflecting structure D. weakly attenuating structure D As the pressure amplitude of ultrasound doubles, what happens to the wavelength? A. quadruples B. doubles C. halves D. unchanged B What is the period of a 5 MHz ultrasound wave? A. 0.02 ms B. 0.2 ms C. .5mc D. 5ms B What limits diagnostic application at higher frequencies? A. noise B. tissue penetration C. contrast resolution D. temporal resolution A What is the function of a lens on a transducer? A. focus the beam B. increase the bandwidth C. shorten the pulse length D. provide damping D What would improve axial resolution? A. increase the pulse repetition frequency B. reduce the receiver gain 5 / 10 C. change the gray scale map D. increase the transducer frequency D What is true of the far field? A. sound beam converges B. intensity is highest C. lateral resolution is best D. sound beam diverges A what improves lateral resolution? A. decreasing the beam width B. increasing the pulse repetition frequency C. decreasing transmitted frequency D. decreasing the width of the field of view B Which statement is true for a linear phased array transducer? A. line density increases with depth B. elements are all fired nearly simultaneously C. elements are fired in successive groups D. all scan lines are perpendicular to the face of the transducer D Which artifact is commonly seen within cystic masses due to the finite dimensions of the ultrasound beam? A. duplication B. mirror image C. reverberation D. slice thickness C Which technique utilizes frequency modulation of the transmitted pulse to improve signal to noise ratio? A. apodization B. panoramic imaging C. coded excitation D. spatial compounding A What is varied to implement apodization? A. voltage applied to each element B. time delays between elements C. pulse length D. number of active elements A What will produce no doppler shift at a receiver? A. source and receiver moving at the same speed and direction B. source moving toward receiver C. source moving away from receiver D. receiver moving toward source D Which mode requires two elements mounted side by side? A. real time imaging B. duplex imaging C. pulsed wave doppler D. continuous wave doppler C when employing a tissue mimicking phantom, the depth at which echoes are no longer detected is an indicator of what? A. dynamic range B. lateral resolution C. sensitivity D. axial resolution A What enhances the transmission of ultrasound energy between the transducer and the skin? A. the transducer matching layer B. a lower pulse repetition frequency C. a lower frequency probe D. a narrow active probe aperture which technique increases the sharpness of high contrast boundaries? 6 / 10 A a) Edge enhancement b) Interpolation c) Smoothing d) Frame averaging A what is the most appropriate action for the sonographer to take when receiving a verbal order for an exam? a) Deny performance of the exam until a written request is received b) Seek approval from supervisor c) Verbally repeat the request back to the referrer to verify correctness d) Document two forms of ID of the patient A which setting of an ultrasound system gives the sonographer the ability to display both strong and week echoes? a) Dynamic range b) Resolution c) Range calibration d) Sensitivity B what is a benefit of using contrast agents? a) Output power can be increased after contrast administration to improve visualization b) Increased amplitude of the returning doppler signals c) Harmonic signals produced by contrast agents are weaker than those produced by tissue d) Frame rate is improved when interrogating contrast with power doppler A a sound wave propagates fastest through which substance? a) Bone b) Muscle c) Fat d) Gas C when the focal point in a B-mode image is electronically changed, which type of focusing is in use? a) Lens b) Mechanical c) Dynamic d) Curved crystal C when a fluid is flowing at a slow and constant rate within a long tube having a uniform diameter, what is the nature of the flow? a) Disturbed b) Turbulent c) Laminar d) Pulsatile C what causes range ambiguity artifacts? a) Receiver overload b) Pulser overload c) PRF too high d) PRF too low C what is the round trip time in soft tissue for an echo from a reflector at a depth of 1 cm? a) 1.54 usec b) 6.5 usec c)13 usec d) 26 usec B which variable decreases when the number of acoustic lines per frame is increased without changing its maximum depth? a) SPL b) Frame rate 7 / 10 c) PRF d) Receiver dynamic range C frequency compounding improves image quality by doing what? a) Increasing frame rate b) Improving dynamic range c) Reducing speckle d) Reducing grading lobes A what is the most common cause of localized vertical nonuniformity in a real-time B-mode image? a) Improper TGC b) Defective transducer elements c) Faulty preamplifier d) Malfunctioning scan converter what is the cause of the black region in the center of the vessel seen in this image? a) Aliasing b) Turbulence c) Incident angle d) Lack of blood flow at that location C C what is increased if the pulse duration is decreased? a) Bandwidth b) Line Density c) Frame Rate d) Duty Factor C what is the Nyquist limit if a pulsed wave Doppler instrument has a pulse repetition frequency of 16 kHz? a) 32 kHz b) 10 kHz c) 8 kHz d) 5 kHz what caused the color pattern demonstrated in the artery indicated by the arrow in this image? a) Superimposed venous flow b) Aliasing c) Flow reversal d) Color side lobe artifact B D which adjustment should be made to avoid the aliasing displayed on this spectral Doppler image seen on spectral analysis? a) Reposition sample volume so it is deeper. b) Decrease acoustic power c) Change the doppler angle from 60 to 45 degrees d) Decrease the transducer freq 8 / 10 C If red blood cells are approaching a 5 Mhz Doppler transducer at a speed of 75 cm/s, what is the approximate received ultrasound frequency? a) 4,500 kHz b) 4,995 kHz c) 5,005 kHz d) 5,500 kHz C which condition must be present for refraction to occur? a) Presence of a strong specular reflector b) Presence of several small reflectors c) Difference in tissue prop speeds d) A change in the angle of reflection B the thermal index (TI) is most affected by which type of interaction between sound and tissue? a) Reflection b) Absorption c) Scattering d) Refraction C In an unfocused transducer, what is the region between the transducer face and the point where the beam diverges? a) Side lobe b) Focal Zone c) Near field d) Far field What is this artifact? A. Shadowing B. Side lobe C. Reverberation D. Mirror image C How do you fix this A. Decrease the color scale B. Decrease the color packet size C. Increase the color packet size D. Increase the color scale D Which way is the blood flowing? A. Right to left B. Left to right C. Bidirectional D. Cannot tell B 9 / 10