Social Facilitation and Theoretical Explanations - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

254

Pages:

2
Author:

Jithin J. I.

SOCIAL FACILITATION AND THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS 1. Introduction  Explore theories of social facilitation and its impact on performance in the presence of others.  Highlight the activation-based model and evaluation apprehension as key concepts. 2. Activation-Based Model (Cottrell et al., 1968)  Arousal through the presence of others attributed to learned expectation of evaluation.  Experimental studies supporting the role of evaluation apprehension (Maxwell et al., 2008; Worringham & Messick, 1983).  Effects on performance related to self-efficacy, extraversion, self-esteem, and neuroticism. 3. Attentional Processes  Attentional processes theories (Strauss, 2002a) explaining how the presence of an audience can impair optimal task alignment.  Conflict between attention to social stimuli (audience) and non-social stimuli (noise) and the task (distraction).  Conflict between self-attention and the task. 4. Cognitive Overload and Attentional Capacity  Theoretical models (Baron, 1986; Manstead & Semin, 1980; Sanders et al., 1978) highlighting cognitive overload and attentional conflicts.  Priority ranking of conflicting stimuli narrows attentional focus.  Impact on new, complex tasks with high attentional demands vs. welllearned tasks with lower demands. 5. Biopsychosocial Model (Blascovich et al., 1999)  Integration of physiological, cognitive, and emotional processes.  Perception of a situation as a challenge or threat based on available resources.  Influence of the presence of others on perceived challenge/threat and subsequent performance. 6. Empirical Evidence  Overview of empirical studies investigating social facilitation.  Bond and Titus' (1983) meta-analysis quantifying the magnitude of social facilitation effect.  Support for both drive hypothesis (performance improvement in conditionbased tasks) and overload hypothesis (performance decline in coordination-based tasks). 7. Future Directions  The need for precise theoretical models in the context of sporting performance.  Questions about whether social facilitation is driven by activation or attention.  Exploring the role of the experimenter and the influence of virtual presence in digital environments (VR).  Acknowledgment of the differences between virtual and real-world situations.

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