University:
College
Course:
College Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

16

Pages:

1
Author:

anon

Enzymes Define enzyme and active site ● ● Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up many chemical reactions Active site is the part of the enzyme’s surface onto which the substrate is bound and undergoes the reaction Why enzyme-substrate specificity is important ● ● Enzymes are specific to the particular substrate they act upon Specificity of the enzyme is due to the shape of the active site Describe how temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affect the activity of enzymes. ● ● ● ● ● Enzyme deactivates at a low temperature as there is little energy so there is less possibility for a successful collision Active site changes shape if the temperature is too high since the molecules have so much energy so the substrate can no longer fit so no more reactions can be catalyzed There is an optimum pH and it looks quite symmetrical Substrate concentration is a curve then plateaus Maximum turnover point doesn’t increase the rate of reaction even if substrate concentration increases more Define denaturation ● Irreversible changes that occur in the structure of an enzyme due to high pH or temperature Explain the use of lactase in the production of lactose-free milk ● ● ● ● Lactase is produced from Kluyveromyces Lactis Added to milk so that the final product contains the enzyme Immobilized on a surface or in beads so the milk can flow past the immobilized lactase, so the end product doesn’t contain lactase For: ○ Lactose intolerant people ○ Galactose and glucose are sweeter ○ Monosaccharides ferment faster so the production of yogurt and cottage cheese is faster ○ Smoother texture as lactose tends to crystallize during production of ice cream