Decoding the Genetic Blueprint: Transcription and RNA Processing

University:
College
Course:
College Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

186

Pages:

2
Author:

anon

Transcription State that transcription is carried out in a 3′ to 5′ direction. The RNA strand is built in the 5′ to 3′ direction while the DNA strand is read in the 3 to 5 direction my. Distinguish between the sense and antisense strands of DNA Antisense strand: The strand of DNA that is transcribed to form an single strand of RNA. Sense strand: The strand of DNA that is complementary with the antisense strand and the strand that is not transcribed by RNA polymerase. Explain the process of transcription in prokaryotes, including the role of the promoter region, RNA polymerase, nucleoside triphosphates and the terminator. 1) The process of transcription is initiated when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site found on DNA. The promoter site determines where DNA transcription starts on the DNA strands and also differentiates which of the two DNA strands will be the sense or the antisense strand. 2) RNA polymerase then unwinds the DNA double-helix. It also functions as a catalyst for forming covalent bonds on the growing strand of RNA that is being transcribed. 3) RNA nucleoside triphosphate is added to the growing RNA transcript and can only attach to the 3 end so the RNA only grows in a 3’ to 5’ direction. 4) When the RNA polymerase reaches the termination sequence of the DNA, it disassociates itself from the DNA strand and an RNA strand is released. State that eukaryotic RNA needs the removal or introns to form mature mRNA. After the process of DNA transcription has taken place involving the resultant RNA strand to be formed, it needs to be modified further to produce mature mRNA. This modification involves a process called splicing. in RNA, the removal or introns and the splicing together of the remaining exons is necessary to produce mature mRNA.