Psychology Test 1 Practice Quiz

Psychology Test 1 Practice Quiz 1.) _______________ theories state that development is influenced by unconscious thoughts. a.) Behavioural b.) Cognitive c.) Social d.) Psychoanalysis 2.) Following a stroke that affected his balance and muscle strength, Jose participated in 3 months of physical therapy. Today, Jose feels as strong as he did before the stroke and walks at least 10 miles a week for exercise. Jose’s ability to overcome his physical limitations after his stroke is an example of: a.) lateralization. b.) plasticity. c.) neuroscience. d.) specialization. 3.) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? a.) A dog is reprimanded each time he chews on the furniture. b.) A person automatically puts on a seatbelt when getting into a car. c.) A toddler receives a sticker each time she uses the toilet. d.) A cat hides every time the doorbell rings. 4.) Which is example is best characterized by discontinuous change? a.) A middle-aged adult losing muscle and strength b.) An adolescent experiencing puberty c.) A small child improving their executive functions d.) A young adult learning a new trade 5.) According to ______, observational learning is one of the most powerful ways in which we learn. a.) operant conditioning b.) social learning theory c.) the bioecological model d.) evolutionary theory 6.) According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, your family, peers, and school represent your ______. a.) microsystem b.) macrosystem c.) mesosystem d.) exosystem 7.) Investigators use the ______ research design when studying the same group of participants at many points in time. a.) cross-sectional b.) longitudinal c.) sequential d.) experimental 8.) ______ refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences. a.) Phenotype b.) Genotype c.) Reaction range d.) Heritability 9.) Newborn babies are screened with an Apgar test. This test assesses the infant’s ______. a.) immunity to viruses b.) immediate health c.) vision and hearing d.) weight and length 10.) Toya’s Doctor is studying a small amount of tissue taken from her to determine the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. She has endured a medical procedure called a(n) ______. a.) blood test b.) chorionic villus sampling c.) noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) d.) ultrasound 11.) According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, much of children’s learning comes from ______. a.) working alone b.) collaborating with others c.) brain maturation d.) emotional maturation 12.) The ______ is a collection of 250 to 800 million neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, permitting them to communicate and coordinate processing. a.) cerebellum b.) cerebral cortex c.) corpus callosum d.) hippocampus 13.) Anna is asleep in her crib. Her brother comes into her bedroom and slams her door very loudly. Anna throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings her arms back together. She starts to cry. What reflex is Anna demonstrating? a.) Babinski reflex b.) palmer grasp c.) Moro reflex d.) rooting reflex 14.) Reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as either right or wrong is called ______ thinking. a.) autonomous b.) dualistic c.) reflective d.) relativistic 15.) What propels a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget? a.) the drive for cognitive disequilibrium b.) the experience of cognitive assimilation c.) the drive for cognitive equilibrium d.) the experience of cognitive accommodation 16.) ______ consist of repeating actions that involve body parts because they are joyful. a.) Schemas a.) Reflexes b.) Primary circular reactions c.) Secondary circular reactions 17.) Maria participates in an experiment where the experimenter shows her two identical balls of clay and watches as she rolls one ball of clay into a long hot-dog shape and leaves the other ball of clay in the original roundball. Maria is then asked which piece has more clay. Maria is 9 years of age and knows that the two shapes contain the same amount of clay. What principle does Maria understand? a.) object typing b.) object constancy c.) object reversibility d.) object identity 18.) Which of the following statements is not consistent with the information processing system view? a.) Information is manipulated or processed in long-term memory. b.) The structure of the information processing system is the same throughout the life span. c.) With development, we get better at moving information through our cognitive system in ways that allow us to adapt to our world. d.) As we age, we can process more information, retain more information, and do so more quickly and efficiently. 19.) ______ memory refers to the memory of events and information acquired during those events. a.) Episodic b.) Recognition c.) Recall d.) Working 20.) Michael and Matthew are identical twins. The boys share ______ % of their genes. Pia and Lacy are fraternal twins. The girls share about ______ % of their genes. a.) 50; 25 b.) 100, 100 c.) 75, 25 d.) 100; 50